A transient dopamine signal encodes subjective value and causally influences demand in an economic context

Schelp, Scott A.; Pultorak, Katherine; Rakowski, Dylan R.; Gomez, Devan M.; Krzystyniak, Gregory; Das, Raj Kumar; Oleson, Erik B.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1706969114

Cited by 46 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…[63][64][65][66] While dopaminergic systems have largely been implicated in both positive and negative reinforcement, any mechanistic explanation of our results will have to include differential actions of TBI on avoidance of foot shock, but not escape or positive reinforcement. 67,68 Our results showing a lack of effect of mTBI on positive reinforcement are consistent with one study, but at odds with others. Severe lateral fluid percussion TBI in Wistar rats led to no changes in sucrose preference at 1 to 6 months after injury, but fluid percussion TBI interacted with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration to decrease sucrose preference to a greater degree than LPS in sham mice 30 days after injury.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Anhedonia following mild traumatic brain injury in rats: A behavioral economic analysis of positive and negative reinforcement

Avcu

Fortress

Fragale

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Psychiatric disorders affect nearly 50% of individuals who have experienced a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Anhedonia is a major symptom of numerous psychiatric disorders and is a diagnostic criterion for depression. Recently, anhedonia has been divided into consummatory, motivational and decisional components, all of which may be affected differently in disease. Although anhedonia is typically assessed using positive reinforcement, the importance of stress in psychopathology suggests the study of negative reinforcement (removal or avoidance of aversive events) may be equally important. The present study investigated positive and negative reinforcement following a rat model of mild TBI (mTBI) using lateral fluid percussion. Hedonic value of and motivation for reinforcement was determined by behavioral economic analyses.Following mTBI, the hedonic value of avoiding foot shock was reduced. In contrast, the hedonic value of escaping foot shock or obtaining a sucrose pellet was not altered by mTBI. Moreover, neither motivation to avoid or escape foot shock nor motivation to acquire sucrose was modified by mTBI. Our results suggest that individuals experiencing mTBI may experience more stress because of poor proactive control of stress resulting from reduced hedonic value of avoiding aversive events.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Anhedonia following mild traumatic brain injury in rats: A behavioral economic analysis of positive and negative reinforcement

Avcu

Fortress

Fragale

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Despite their functional differences, the NAc shell and core subregions are anatomically interconnected (Van Dongen et al, ), and this connectivity may serve to influence each other during behavioral tasks. For example, stimulation of the NAc core during reward delivery in a discounting task also increased rats’ choice preference for the unpreferred reward (Schlep et al, ), perhaps through shell/core interactions. Further, it was recently shown that NAc shell subdivisions may mediate different aspects of brain activity; medial NAc shell neurons inhibit mesolimbic dopamine neurons via different types of GABA receptors, whereas the lateral NAc shell projects to GABAergic neurons in the VTA, creating a disinhibition “feedback loop” (Yang et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleus accumbens shell dopamine mediates outcome value, but not predicted value, in a magnitude decision‐making task

Sackett

Moschak

Carelli

2020

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Effective decision‐making depends on an animal's ability to predict and select the outcome of greatest value, and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and its dopaminergic input play a key role in this process. We previously reported that rapid dopamine release in the NAc shell preferentially tracks the “preferred” (i.e., large reward) option during cues that predict the ability to respond for rewards of different sizes, as well as during reward delivery itself. The present study assessed whether shell dopamine release at these discrete times selectively mediated choice behavior for rewards of different magnitudes using optogenetics. Here, using Long Evans TH:Cre± rats we employed selective optogenetic stimulation of dopamine terminals in the NAc shell during either reward‐predictive cues (experiment 1) or reward delivery (experiment 2) in a magnitude‐based decision‐making task. We found that in TH:Cre± rats, but not littermate controls, optical stimulation during low‐magnitude reward delivery during forced choice trials was sufficient to bias preference for this option when given a choice. In contrast, optical stimulation of shell dopamine terminals during low‐magnitude reward‐predictive cues in forced choice trials did not shift free choice behavior in TH:Cre± rats or controls. The findings indicate that preferential dopamine signaling in the NAc shell during reward outcome (delivery), but not reward‐predictive cues are sufficient to influence choice behavior in our task supporting a causal role of dopamine in the NAc shell in reward outcome value, but not value‐based predictive strategies.

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“…This hierarchical structure might explain why D2R receptor availability (implementation level) alone does not reveal associations with discounting behavior (computational level), even though it does explain neural subjective value representation (algorithmic level). This precludes dynamic measures of dopamine signals (for example fast-scan cyclic voltammetry) which more directly encode value signals 9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct recordings from midbrain DA neurons in monkeys and rodents provide evidence that DA neurons are sensitive to the subjective value of rewards over decreasing delays [7][8][9] . Providing indirect support for this mesolimbic DA narrative in humans, pharmacological manipulation of D2Rs in humans impacts delay discounting behavior 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesolimbic dopamine D2 receptors and neural representations of subjective value

Castrellon

Young

Dang

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The process by which the value of delayed rewards is discounted varies from person to person. It has been suggested that these individual differences in subjective valuation of delayed rewards are supported by mesolimbic dopamine D2-like receptors (D2Rs) in the ventral striatum. However, no study to date has documented an association between direct measures of dopamine receptors and neural representations of subjective value in humans. Here, we examined whether individual differences in D2R availability were related to neural subjective value signals during decision making. Human participants completed a monetary delay discounting task during an fMRI scan and on a separate visit completed a PET scan with the high affinity D2R tracer [18F]fallypride. Region-of-interest analyses revealed that D2R availability in the ventral striatum was positively correlated with subjective value-related activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and midbrain but not with choice behavior. Whole-brain analyses revealed a positive correlation between ventral striatum D2R availability and subjective value-related activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus. These findings are the first to identify a link between directly-measured mesolimbic dopamine function and subjective value representation in humans and suggest a mechanism by which individuals vary in neural representation of discounted subjective value.

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A transient dopamine signal encodes subjective value and causally influences demand in an economic context

Cited by 46 publications

References 54 publications

Anhedonia following mild traumatic brain injury in rats: A behavioral economic analysis of positive and negative reinforcement

Anhedonia following mild traumatic brain injury in rats: A behavioral economic analysis of positive and negative reinforcement

Nucleus accumbens shell dopamine mediates outcome value, but not predicted value, in a magnitude decision‐making task

Mesolimbic dopamine D2 receptors and neural representations of subjective value

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