A transient heat flux sensor based on the transverse Seebeck effect of single crystal Bi2Te3

Liu, Zhipeng; Liu, Songhan; Zhao, Jiaxing; Yue, Yajun; Xu, Qiang; Yang, Fengbo

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111419

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Zhang Junfeng and team utilized a thermal-capacitive type sensor to gauge heat flux density in confined spaces, but the sensor's considerable response time hindered the capture of the peak value's rising stage of explosion heat impact [5]. Recently, Zhipeng Liu and others employed single-crystal Bi 2 Te 3 to create an atomic layer thermopile (ALTP) heat flux sensor with a 51 µs rise time for measuring thermal flux values in explosion-driven shock tubes but did not perform large-equivalent reagent field tests [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before explosive field testing, it is essential to complete both the static calibration and dynamic performance evaluation of ALTP in a laboratory setting. Zhipeng Liu utilized a 915 nm wavelength laser for the static calibration of the sensor, yet this single wavelength radiant heat flux diverges fundamentally from the actual thermal radiation of explosive fireballs [6]. T. Meier innovatively contrasted the static calibration results of ALTP under two boundary conditions: laser heat radiation and impinging jet convection heat transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and Performance Analysis of an Atomic Layer Thermopile Sensor for Composite Heat Flux Testing in an Explosive Environment

Li,

Wang,

Yin

et al. 2023

Electronics

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Traditional contact heat flux sensors suffer from a lack of dynamic performance, and existing non-contact optical heat measurement equipment fails to detect convective heat transfer effectively. This limitation precludes the effective testing of composite heat flux in explosive fields. This study introduces an ultra-responsive atomic layer thermopile (ALTP) heat flux sensor, developed and employed for the first time, to evaluate the transient heat flux associated with thermobaric explosions. Measurements reveal that the ALTP sensor’s temporal resolution surpasses that of the thermal resistance thin film heat flux sensor (TFHF), attaining a spectral response time of 10 μs under pulsed laser irradiation. Beyond these radiation-based tests, the present work also conducted novel simulation analyses of high-temperature jet impacts using COMSOL software. Static simulation discovered that fluid velocity significantly influences ALTP’s sensitivity, resulting in an error of 71%. Conversely, dynamic simulation demonstrated that an increase in fluid velocity reduces the ALTP’s time constant, whereas other factors such as fluid temperature exert minimal impact on its dynamic characteristics. This confirms that the simulation model compensates for the cost and accuracy deficiencies of convection heating tests. It also provides a new way to analyze the error of explosive heat flux measurement caused by sensitivity fluctuation and insufficient dynamic performance. In thermobaric explosive trials, the maximum heat fluxes recorded were 202 kW/m2 in semi-enclosed environments and 526 kW/m2 in open environments. A distinctive double-wave phenomenon was evident in the test curve. By a fast-response thermocouple, the study was able to differentiate between radiation and convective heat flux in the explosion field. The findings substantiate that the ALTP sensor amalgamates the benefits of optical thermal measurement tools with those of traditional contact heat flux sensors, thereby facilitating composite heat flux measurements in the challenging conditions of an explosive field.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Performance Analysis of an Atomic Layer Thermopile Sensor for Composite Heat Flux Testing in an Explosive Environment

Li,

Wang,

Yin

et al. 2023

Electronics

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“…(II) Oxide thin films, such as Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films, can measure a laser heat flow signal with a pulse width of 20 ns [6], and La 1−x Ca x MnO 3 thin films can measure a laser heat flow signal with a pulse width of 15 ns [7]. (III) Single crystals, such as single crystal Bi, has a response time of 50 µs [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transient heat flux sensor for PbTe thin films based on transverse Seebeck effect

Liu,

Zhao,

Liu

2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Among thermoelectric materials with thermoelectric effect, lead telluride (PbTe) is widely used because of its high performance and chemical stability in the medium temperature region. In this study, PbTe was creatively employed to develop a transient thin films heat flux sensor (THFS) using magnetron sputtering technique based on the transverse Seebeck effect. After static and dynamic calibration, the rise time of the THFS is 35 μs and the sensitivity is up to 7.9 μV(kW·m−2)−1, it can be measured in transient high heat flux testing environments without the need for a signal amplifier. In the experiment of measuring transient heat flux with explosion driven shock tube, the THFS has the advantages of high resolution and high dynamic response, which provides scientific basis for the study of explosion thermal damage effect and has important significance.

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Novel flexible atomic layer thermopile heat flux sensor via orientation-controlled growth technique

Li,

Tao,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Ceramics International

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A transient heat flux sensor based on the transverse Seebeck effect of single crystal Bi2Te3

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Development and Performance Analysis of an Atomic Layer Thermopile Sensor for Composite Heat Flux Testing in an Explosive Environment

Development and Performance Analysis of an Atomic Layer Thermopile Sensor for Composite Heat Flux Testing in an Explosive Environment

A transient heat flux sensor for PbTe thin films based on transverse Seebeck effect

Novel flexible atomic layer thermopile heat flux sensor via orientation-controlled growth technique

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