A Transient Pulse of Genetic Admixture from the Crusaders in the Near East Identified from Ancient Genome Sequences

Haber, Marc; Doumet-Serhal, Claude; Scheib, Christiana L.; Xue, Yali; Mikulski, Richard; Martiniano, Rui; Fischer‐Genz, Bettina; Schutkowski, Holger; Kivisild, Toomas; Tyler‐Smith, Chris

doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.015

Cited by 40 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Fig. 5); the second is a male individual (SI-38) excavated from a mass burial in South Lebanon connected to a Medieval Crusader battle, who was found to have local ancestry (Haber et al, 2019). The second region for which we could analyze a time transect is the region of present-day Pakistan.…”

Section: Low Abundance Of Long Rohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Parental Relatedness through Time - Detecting Runs of Homozygosity in Ancient DNA

Ringbauer

Novembre

Steinrücken

2020

Preprint

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We present a novel method to detect runs of homozygosity (ROH) from low-coverage genotype data typical for ancient human DNA. ROH are the genetic signature of matings between related parents, and as such, the frequency and length distribution of these blocks can give insight into recent population history and mating patterns. Existing methods identify ROH by scanning for regions that lack heterozygote genotypes, but this strategy frequently fails for ancient individuals: The vast majority of ancient DNA data has low read depth (ă3ˆ), which makes reliable diploid genotype calling infeasible. To overcome this limitation, we make use of linkage disequilibrium information from a panel of modern reference haplotypes using a Hidden Markov Model. Our method scans for long stretches where the read data are consistent with only a single haplotype. When tested on simulated and down-sampled pseudo-haploid data from a targeted set of 1.24 million single nucleotide polymorphisms ("1240k SNPs") widely used in ancient DNA, our implementation robustly works for coverage down to 0.5ˆand can tolerate error rates up to 3%, with high power and low false positive rate for blocks longer than 4 centiMorgans. Therefore, the method can screen a substantial fraction of human genome-wide ancient DNA data for parental relatedness, which will yield new evidence for questions regarding past demography and social organization.

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Section: Low Abundance Of Long Rohmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Parental Relatedness through Time - Detecting Runs of Homozygosity in Ancient DNA

Ringbauer

Novembre

Steinrücken

2020

Preprint

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“…We found two significant admixture events in the Lebanese Muslims; the first occurred around 600BCE-500CE (Z=3.5) and the second occurred around 1580CE-1750CE (Z=3.4), confirming our previous results on the date of admixture in North of the Near East. 19 In contrast, we detect one significant admixture event in Yemen occurring 1190CE-1290CE (Z=14.6) and thus these results suggest that the shifts of the North and South of the Near East along the African cline could arise from independent events.…”

Section: Investigation Of the Demographic History Of The Yemeni Populmentioning

confidence: 54%

Insight into the genomic history of the Near East from whole-genome sequences and genotypes of Yemenis

Haber

Saif-Ali²,

Al‐Habori³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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We report high-coverage whole-genome sequencing data from 46 Yemeni individuals as well as genome-wide genotyping data from 169 Yemenis from diverse locations. We use this dataset to define the genetic diversity in Yemen and how it relates to people elsewhere in the Near East. Yemen is a vast region with substantial cultural and geographic diversity, but we found little genetic structure correlating with geography among the Yemenis – probably reflecting continuous movement of people between the regions. African ancestry from admixture in the past 800 years is widespread in Yemen and is the main contributor to the country’s limited genetic structure, with some individuals in Hudayda and Hadramout having up to 20% of their genetic ancestry from Africa. In contrast, individuals from Maarib appear to have been genetically isolated from the African gene flow and thus have genomes likely to reflect Yemen’s ancestry before the admixture. This ancestry was comparable to the ancestry present during the Bronze Age in the distant Northern regions of the Near East. After the Bronze Age, the South and North of the Near East therefore followed different genetic trajectories: in the North the Levantines admixed with a Eurasian population carrying steppe ancestry whose impact never reached as far south as the Yemen, where people instead admixed with Africans leading to the genetic structure observed in the Near East today.

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“…2a). The two Late Antiquity Syrian individuals fell close to Saudi, Turkish and Middle Eastern genomic variation and to some Jewish populations but do not show close genetic affinities to the geographically close Lebanese samples from 12 . Further, to obtain a better understanding of the regional variation, a second PCA was conducted, limited to 37 groups from the Middle East, Arabian Peninsula and Caucasus.…”

Section: Genomic Analysis Of the Individualsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…On an even more recent timescale, studies from the medieval period 6,11 and modern populations 13,14 describe genetic structure and the role played by culture and religion in the formation of these structures. Notably, a study on medieval individuals from Lebanon previously identified as Crusaders 12 demonstrated their ancestry to be both European or local as well as an admixture of Europeans and Near-Easterners. These signals cannot be detected in modern Lebanese groups, suggesting these were only transient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioarchaeological analysis of one of the earliest Islamic burials in the Levant

Srigyan

Bolívar

Ureña

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The Middle East plays a central role in human history harbouring a vast diversity of ethnic, cultural and religious groups. However, much remains to be understood about past and present genomic diversity in this region. Here, we present for the first time, a multidisciplinary bioarchaeological analysis of two individuals dated to late 7th and early 8th centuries from Tell Qarassa, an open-air site in modern-day Syria. Radiocarbon dates, religious and cultural burial evidence indicate that this site represents one of the earliest Islamic Arab burials in the Levant during the Late Antiquity period. Interestingly, we found genomic similarity to a genotyped group of modern-day Bedouins and Saudi rather than to most neighbouring Levantine groups. This is highlighted through substantial Neolithic Levant ancestry in our samples, inviting an alternative scenario of long-term continuity in this region. This raises questions about the influence of ancient populations and historical migrations to genetic structure in the Middle East. As our study represents the first genomic analysis of an early Islamic burial in the Levant, we discuss our findings and possible historic scenarios in light of forces such as genetic drift and their possible interaction with religious and cultural processes.

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A Transient Pulse of Genetic Admixture from the Crusaders in the Near East Identified from Ancient Genome Sequences

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Human Parental Relatedness through Time - Detecting Runs of Homozygosity in Ancient DNA

Human Parental Relatedness through Time - Detecting Runs of Homozygosity in Ancient DNA

Insight into the genomic history of the Near East from whole-genome sequences and genotypes of Yemenis

Bioarchaeological analysis of one of the earliest Islamic burials in the Levant

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