A transient simulation model to predict hydrate formation rate in both oil- and water-dominated systems in pipelines

Wang, Yan; Koh, Carolyn A.; Dapena, J. Alejandro; Zerpa, Luis E.

doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2018.08.010

Cited by 40 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Natural gas hydrates (NGHs) are crystalline compounds composed of water and hydrocarbon gas molecules . NGHs are readily formed under the low-temperature and high-pressure conditions in oil and gas industry and could therefore pose a great threat to subsea flow assurance by agglomerating, jamming, bedding, and depositing in the transmission pipelines. − So far, NGHs in subsea flow assurance have been extensively investigated, and several hydrate prevention/management strategies have been proposed. − Except for NGHs, another big concern in subsea flow assurance is about wax. When the pipeline operating temperature falls below the wax appearance temperature (WAT), wax molecules dissolved in the crude oil will gradually precipitate and may deposit on the pipe wall, which may further lead to pipeline plugging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Hydrate Growth at the Oil–Water Interface: In the Presence of Wax and Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor

Song

Ning

et al. 2020

Langmuir

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In oil industry, the coexistence of hydrate and wax can result in a severe challenge to subsea flow assurance. In order to study the effects of wax on hydrate growth at the oil–water interface, a series of microexperiments were conducted in a self-made reactor, where hydrates gradually nucleated and grew on the surface of a water droplet immersed in wax-containing oil. According to the micro-observations, hydrate shells formed at the oil–water interface in the absence of kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI). The roughness and growth rate of hydrate shells were analyzed, and the effects of wax were investigated. In addition, vertical growth of the hydrate shell was observed in the presence of wax, and a mechanism was proposed for illustration. In the presence of KHI, small hydrate crystals formed separately at the oil–water interface instead of hydrate shells. The presence of KHI reduced the growth rate of hydrates and changed the wettability of hydrates. Moreover, the presence of wax showed no obvious effect on the effectiveness of KHI under experimental conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Hydrate Growth at the Oil–Water Interface: In the Presence of Wax and Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor

Song

Ning

et al. 2020

Langmuir

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“…Since the first explicit hydrate plugging incident happened in 1934, hydrates have become a constant concern in oil and gas exploitation and transportation . In addition, with oil and gas exploration and production being prevalent in deep sea, operational problems caused by pipeline hydrate plugging pose a great threat to subsea flow assurance. − Recently, many studies have pointed out that hydrate deposition is one of the main reasons that could lead to pipeline hydrate plugging. − Therefore, it is very important to investigate the characteristics of hydrate deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrate Management in Deadlegs: Effect of Natural Convection on Hydrate Deposition

Song

Sum

2020

Energy Fuels

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To investigate the effect of natural convection on hydrate deposition in gas-filled deadlegs, a series of hydrate deposition experiments were conducted in a water-saturated gas system in a 1 in. deadleg, where water condensed on the cold pipewall gradually converted to hydrate deposits. The effect of natural convection was controlled by changing the pipewall temperature together with the system pressure while keeping the header temperature constant. In this work, natural convection was characterized by calculating the gas density difference between the top and the bottom of the vertical pipe and calculating the Rayleigh number. Based on the experimental results, the gas consumption in experiments and the thickness distribution, porosity, and dryness of the hydrate deposits under different natural convection intensities were analyzed and the effect of natural convection on hydrate deposition in gas-filled deadlegs was determined.

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“…Hydrate is formed from hydrocarbon fluids and water that can plug the flowline if untreated. The formation of hydrates is at a relatively low temperature and high pressure and the hydrates' physical properties are close to those of ice [39][40][41]. When a plug is created, urgent action is needed to remedy the situation that may visibly cause production downtime.…”

Section: Hydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Flow Assurance Heat Management Systems in Subsea Flowlines

et al. 2021

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The enormous cost of handling the challenges of flow assurance in subsea wells, flowlines, and risers, especially in deepwater applications, has necessitated a proactive approach to prevent their risk of occurrence. To ensure that transportation of the hydrocarbon is economical and efficient from the subsea wellhead to the processing units, a flow assurance heat management system is relevant in the design and planning of a fluid transport system. Consequently, the advancement of new technologies to serve the increasing need by exploring the technologically challenging and hostile subsea fields is of great importance. A comparative study on heat management systems in flowlines was conducted from the top five publishers (Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Sage) based on the number of publications to determine the level of work done by researchers in the last decade, the figures from the study showed the need for scientific research in the field of active heating. Additionally, a review was implemented to ascertain the likely advantages and drawbacks of each technique, its limitations concerning field applications and then recommend suitable cost-effective technique(s). The active heating system gives the most cost-effective solution for subsea deepwater fields.

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A transient simulation model to predict hydrate formation rate in both oil- and water-dominated systems in pipelines

Cited by 40 publications

References 15 publications

Investigation on Hydrate Growth at the Oil–Water Interface: In the Presence of Wax and Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor

Investigation on Hydrate Growth at the Oil–Water Interface: In the Presence of Wax and Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitor

Hydrate Management in Deadlegs: Effect of Natural Convection on Hydrate Deposition

An Overview of Flow Assurance Heat Management Systems in Subsea Flowlines

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