A translocation experiment for the conservation of maned sloths, Bradypus torquatus (Xenarthra, Bradypodidae)

Chiarello, Adriano Garcia; Chivers, David J.; Bassi, C. Z.; Maciel, Maria Amélia F.; Moreira, Leandro Santana; Bazzalo, Mariel

doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2003.09.019

Cited by 67 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Currently, three-toed sloths are recognized as 'endangered' by the Costa Rican government and the two-toed sloths are listed on CITES ''Red Data List'' although these listings probably result more from a lack of information than from real endangerment. Few ecological studies have focused on sloth distribution (Wetzel and Avila-Pires 1980;Wetzel 1985;Genoways and Timm 2003) and home range size and habitat use in forested regions (Sunquist and Montgomery 1973;Montgomery and Sunquist 1978;Chiarello 1998;Chiarello et al 2004). However, no research has addressed sloth use of cacao agroforests or agricultural landscapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ecology and conservation of two sloth species in a cacao landscape in limón, Costa Rica

et al. 2007

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The spatial ecology of sloths was studied in an agricultural landscape in Limón Province, Costa Rica. Two sloth species, the three-toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus) and the two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni), actively used and traveled through a cacao agroforest and its contiguous living fence rows and riparian forests. This agroecosystem was embedded in an agricultural landscape dominated by banana and pineapple plantations and pastures with dispersed trees. The two-toed sloth (C. hoffmanni) was found in 101 tree species and used 34 for food; the three-toed sloth (B. variegatus) was found in 71 tree species and used 15 for food. Choice of preferred species differed between the two sloth species. Trees commonly used by sloths for food and/or refuge in the cacao agroforest included Erythrina poeppigiana, Cecropia obtusifolia, Leucaena leucocephala; in the living fence rows, Cordia alliodora, Erythrina poeppigiana, Ocotea sinuata and Trophis racemosa; in the riparian forests, Coussapoa villosa, Cecropia obtusifolia, Hura crepitans, Pterocarpus officinalis and Spondias mombin; and in the pastures with dispersed trees, Cordia alliodora, Coussapoa villosa, Erythrina poeppigiana, Ocotea sinuata and Hura crepitans. This study demonstrates the importance of the cacao agroforest as well as arboreal elements in other land uses in providing resources for sloth conservation in a larger agricultural landscape.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial ecology and conservation of two sloth species in a cacao landscape in limón, Costa Rica

et al. 2007

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“…In addition, predation by humans and their domestic and feral dogs may also impact sloth populations living in forest fragments, especially when animals seek to disperse (Chiarello et al 2003). However, as far as we are aware, there have been no previously published reports concerning predation on B. tridactylus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Thus, we believe that aerial raptors are potential predators of the common marmosets in the area. Domestic dogs can be significant predators of native Brazilian mammals (Chiarello et al 2003), and are potentially significant predators of common marmosets in the area (Bezerra and Souto 2008). Common marmosets at the Camaragibe study area have a specific alarm call that is usually uttered upon the appearance of a domestic dog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation by the tayra on the common marmoset and the pale-throated three-toed sloth

Bezerra

Barnett

Souto

et al. 2008

J Ethol

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Predation on arboreal mammals is rarely observed in the wild. Here we describe the first confirmed observations of predation on a juvenile wild common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and on a neonate wild palethroated three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) by the mustelid carnivore Eira barbara, the tayra. We discuss predation on both of the prey species and review the nature of predation by the tayra.

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“…Sloths are slowmoving, solitary animals that allocate a large proportion of time to resting hidden from view high up in the canopy of tropical forests (Queiroz 1995;Chiarello 1998aChiarello , 2008Urbani and Bosque 2007). Copulation seems to occur within a very short time interval (Goffart 1971) and, therefore, it is not surprising that it has been rarely observed in nature (Richard-Hansen and Taube 1997;Bezerra et al 2008), even during long-term studies (Chiarello et al 2004;Lara-Ruiz and Chiarello 2005). Very little data exist on a number of aspects of reproductive behavior in most Xernarthra species, including mating season (Gilmore et al 2008;McDonough and Loughry 2008; see also other related chapters in Vizcaino and Loughry 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

First observation on mating and reproductive seasonality in maned sloths Bradypus torquatus (Pilosa: Bradypodidae)

Dias

Santos²,

Lara-Ruiz

et al. 2008

J Ethol

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Information on mating season is of paramount importance for our understanding of reproductive behavior, yet little is currently known about the breeding season of Xenarhtra as a whole and sloths in particular. A pair of maned sloths was observed copulating in September 2005 in the Atlantic Forest region of south-eastern Brazil. Our studies on mating of the manned sloth as well of other hitherto unpublished records of newborn sloths seen in the wild, together with a review of previous information, indicate that B. torquatus is a seasonal breeder. Infants are born predominantly at the end of the wet season and beginning of the dry season (February-April), and copulation concentrates in the late dry and early wet seasons (August-October). This strategy allows for the energydemanding gestation and lactation to take place during the less stressful period of the year.

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A translocation experiment for the conservation of maned sloths, Bradypus torquatus (Xenarthra, Bradypodidae)

Cited by 67 publications

References 16 publications

Spatial ecology and conservation of two sloth species in a cacao landscape in limón, Costa Rica

Spatial ecology and conservation of two sloth species in a cacao landscape in limón, Costa Rica

Predation by the tayra on the common marmoset and the pale-throated three-toed sloth

First observation on mating and reproductive seasonality in maned sloths Bradypus torquatus (Pilosa: Bradypodidae)

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