A través de los ojos del niño con trastorno del espectro autista

Abstract

The latest findings in neuroscience show that the brain of the child with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) deviates from the typical development path since the prenatal period. We know that the mutation of certain genes alters the maturational trajectory of synaptic connections during early development, a period of maximum vulnerability in which the formation of neuronal circuits is highly plastic and depends on both genetic and environmental factors. A better understanding of the neurobiological bases of ASD will draw bridges, until recently insurmountable, between neuronal circuits and atypical behaviors in the classroom. In addition, it will allow us to better explore which are the critical periods of development where the intervention, both clinical and educational, in the child with ASD may be more effective.RESUMENLos últimos hallazgos en neurociencia muestran que el cerebro del niño con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) se desvía de la ruta típica del desarrollo ya desde el período prenatal. Sabemos que la mutación de ciertos genes altera la trayectoria madurativa de las conexiones sinápticas durante el desarrollo temprano, un periodo de máxima vulnerabilidad en el que la formación de circuitos neuronales es altamente plástica y dependiente tanto de factores genéticos como ambientales. Una mejor comprensión de las bases neurobiológicas del TEA trazará puentes, hasta hace poco insalvables, entre los circuitos neuronales y los comportamientos atípicos en el aula. Además, nos permitirá explorar mejor cuáles son los periodos críticos del desarrollo donde la intervención, tanto clínica como educativa, en el niño con TEA puede resultar más eficaz.

Perception On the Quality of Life of Families with Children With ASD Condition

“…Reduced mirror neuron activity compromises in people the development of prosocial behaviors and the establishment of effective interpersonal relationships, which is expressed in a tendency towards social isolation and the absence of empathy in some cases (Raspall, 2017). Studies on mirror neurons demonstrate the deficient neuronal activity of the mirror neuron system in people with ASD, and which may explain, at an anatomicalfunctional level, the cognitive deficit and decreased imitation capacity that characterizes this neurodevelopmental disorder (Ferreres & Abusamra, 2019;Gómez-León, 2019;Sylwester, 2017). Likewise, deficient socioemotional reciprocity, deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors and problems in initiating and maintaining relationships with other people, along with repetitive movements and behaviors, fixed interests and hyper-reactivity to sensory stimuli have been found (Carrasco & Rojas-Barahona, 2017; Celis & Ochoa, 2022).…”