A treadmill and overground walking program improves walking in persons residing in the community after stroke: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial 11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.

Ada, Louise; Dean, Catherine M.; Jm, Hall; Bampton, Julie; Crompton, Sarah

doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(03)00349-6

Cited by 295 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the 2 studies that showed no significant intragroup differences, the ES intra was large 18 and small, 22 respectively. Studies 13,16,23,26 that did not report intragroup differences demonstrated both large (ExG: 2; CG: 1) and small (ExG: 1; CG: 2) ES intra . On the contrary, ES inter were typically either small 14, 17,19,21–25,27 or moderate 16,20 and ranged from −0.15 to 1.24.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…All studies reported intergroup statistical results, yet only 4 studies 16,17,23,24 found statistical significance indicating superiority of treadmill-based interventions. All 4 studies used TT as the ExG: post-speed ranged from 0.63 to 1.62 m/s in ExG and from 0.56 to 0.97 m/s in CG; and ΔSpeed ranged from 0.13 to 1.02 m/s in ExG and from 0.03 to 0.31 m/s in CG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ExG in 8 studies received TT, 1314,16,17,20,22–24 and the remaining received BWSTT. 15,18,19,21,25–27 Conversely, CG received various interventions such as home exercise programs, over ground walking, and unspecified “conventional gait training.”…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In those studies, ΔSpeed ranged from 0.08 to 1.02 m/s in ExG and from 0.06 to 0.31 m/s in CG. In the 5 studies 13,16,23,26,27 for which intragroup comparisons were not reported, the ΔSpeed ranged from 0.13 to 0.29 m/s in ExG and from 0.03 to 0.23 m/s in CG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rehabilitating Walking Speed Poststroke With Treadmill-Based Interventions

Charalambous

Bonilha

Kautz

et al. 2013

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

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Background In the past several years, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been reported regarding the efficacy of treadmill-based walking-specific rehabilitation programs, either individually (TT) or combined with body weight support (BWSTT), over control group therapies poststroke. No clear consensus exists as to whether treadmill-based interventions are superior in rehabilitating walking speed (WS) poststroke. Objective To review published RCTs examining TT and BWSTT poststroke and describe the effects on improving and retaining WS. Methods A systematic literature search in computerized databases was conducted to identify RCTs whose methodological quality was assessed with PEDro. Pre- and post-WS, change in WS, functional outcomes, and follow-up speed were extracted and calculated from each study. Additionally, statistical results of each study were examined, and the intragroup and intergroup effect sizes (ESintra and ESinter, respectively) were calculated. Results All studies (8 TT; 7 BWSTT) met the inclusion criteria, and their methodological quality was generally good, with a mean PEDro score 6.9/10. Of the 15 studies, 8 studies (4 TT; 4 BWSTT) reported intragroup significant increases of WS, whereas only 4 (4 TT) found superiority of treadmill interventions. Nine studies demonstrated large ESintra (4 TT; 5 BWSTT), yet only 3 showed large ESinter (1 TT; 2 BWSTT). Four studies (2 TT and 2 BWSTT) reported retention of gains in WS, regardless of intervention. Conclusions Treadmill-based interventions poststroke may increase and retain WS, but their universal superiority to other control group therapies has failed to be established.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rehabilitating Walking Speed Poststroke With Treadmill-Based Interventions

Charalambous

Bonilha

Kautz

et al. 2013

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

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“…Among these, treadmill-based gait training is known to be effective in improving the muscle strength of the lower limbs, gait speed, gait endurance, and cardiovascular functions [2,3,4,5,6]. It is now widely used in clinical practice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Response During Submaximal Underwater Treadmill Exercise in Stroke Patients

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the cardiovascular response during head-out water immersion, underwater treadmill gait, and land treadmill gait in stroke patients.MethodsTen stroke patients were recruited for underwater and land treadmill gait sessions. Each session was 40 minutes long; 5 minutes for standing rest on land, 5 minutes for standing rest in water or on treadmill, 20 minutes for treadmill walking in water or on land, 5 minutes for standing rest in water or on treadmill, and 5 minutes for standing rest on land. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured during each session. In order to estimate the cardiovascular workload and myocardial oxygen demand, the rate pressure product (RPP) value was calculated by multiplying systolic BP (SBP) by HR.ResultsSBP, DBP, mean BP (mBP), and RPP decreased significantly after water immersion, but HR was unchanged. During underwater and land treadmill gait, SBP, mBP, DBP, RPP, and HR increased. However, the mean maximum increases in BP, HR and RPP of underwater treadmill walking were significantly lower than that of land treadmill walking.ConclusionStroke patients showed different cardiovascular responses during water immersion and underwater gait as opposed to standing and treadmill-walking on land. Water immersion and aquatic treadmill gait may reduce the workload of the cardiovascular system. This study suggested that underwater treadmill may be a safe and useful option for cardiovascular fitness and early ambulation in stroke rehabilitation.

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