A Tri‐axial Classification of Mental Disorders in Childhood

Rutter, Michael; Lebovici, Serge; Eisenberg, Leon; Sneznevskij, A. V.; Sadoun, R; Brooke, Eileen M.; Lin, Tsung-Yi

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1969.tb02067.x

Cited by 212 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…At the same time, current attempts to classify psychiatric disorders into a coherent taxonomy have adopted a multiaxial system by which a clinician is encouraged to describe the patient from several points of view, of which psychiatric diagnosis is only one (American Psychiatric Association, 1994, 2013Rutter et al, 1969Rutter et al, , 1979. Several current epidemiological assessment instruments adopt the same multiaxial approach (Angold & Costello, 2000).…”

Section: Classifying Cases In the Clinic And The Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Epidemiology

Costello

Angold

2016

Developmental Psychopathology

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Introducing epidemiology as the study of health and illness in human populations, we discuss what questions modern epidemiology addresses, the key methods it uses, and how these methods can be applied to developmental psychopathology. A short history of how child psychiatric epidemiology has grown into developmental epidemiology illustrates society's changing concerns about child mental health. We describe some of the ways in which developmental epidemiology is branching out into related areas: life course and intergenerational epidemiology; global epidemiology; genetic epidemiology; the study of burden of disease, including cost‐benefit analysis; and the use of epidemiologic designs to test hypotheses about causation. Finally, we note that developmental epidemiology extends the range of translational epidemiology. We make the case that (1) the goal of epidemiological research is disease prevention; (2) understanding the development of a disease and intervening to prevent and control it are equally important aspects of epidemiological research; (3) understanding the development of a disease may point to different kinds of intervention at different stages in the developmental process; and (4) understanding individual development is a critical part of understanding and intervening in the disease process because both risk for and expression of disorder change over the life course.

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Section: Classifying Cases In the Clinic And The Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Epidemiology

Costello

Angold

2016

Developmental Psychopathology

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“…Unfortunately, these field trials showed little agreement among child psychiatrists regarding theoretical conceptualization of child and adolescent psychopathology. However, Rutter and his colleagues in, 1969 (Rutter et al, 1969) suggested that these field trials revealed that child psychiatrists were able to agree fairly well on categories of child and adolescent psychopathology that were phenomenologically described and were rather broad categories, such as those between disruptive behavior disorders or externalizing disorders and those that were emotional disorders or internalizing disorders.…”

Section: Historical and General Issues In The Classification Of Childmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Cantwell

1996

Child Psychology Psychiatry

204

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“…The first time a multiaxial system was introduced in a standard classification system was in child psychiatry where Rutter et al [13] as early as in 1969 proposed a triaxial classification of mental disorders in childhood. The childhood classification system currently uses the ICD-10 diagnoses in a multiaxial context including axis I on clinical psychiatric syndromes; axis II on specific disorders of psychological development; axis III on intellectual level; axis IV on medical conditions; axis V on associated abnormal psychosocial situations, and axis VI on global assessment of psychosocial disability [14].…”

Section: For Use In Childhood Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experience with Current Multiaxial Diagnostic Systems: A Critical Review

Kastrup

2002

Psychopathology

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It is difficult to capture the complexity of the psychiatric condition with a single diagnostic category, and a multiaxial approach provides a more comprehensive picture of the current disorder. The WPA section on classification has developed a multiaxial schema based on the ICD-10 family of classifications. Four axes are proposed. Axis I: on clinical disorders; axis II: on disabilities; axis III: on contextual factors, and axis IV: on quality of life. Even though the multiaxial approach has been widely taught and surveys report on its international acceptability, daily use by clinicians of the ‘non-diagnostic’ axes have till now been limited, despite expressed interest by the very same clinicians. The multiaxial formulation is still developing and transcultural experiences need to be gained.

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A Tri‐axial Classification of Mental Disorders in Childhood

Cited by 212 publications

References 0 publications

Developmental Epidemiology

Developmental Epidemiology

Classification of Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Experience with Current Multiaxial Diagnostic Systems: A Critical Review

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