2020
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001424117
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A Triassic stem-salamander from Kyrgyzstan and the origin of salamanders

Abstract: The origin of extant amphibians remains largely obscure, with only a few early Mesozoic stem taxa known, as opposed to a much better fossil record from the mid-Jurassic on. In recent time, anurans have been traced back to Early Triassic forms and caecilians have been traced back to the Late JurassicEocaecilia, both of which exemplify the stepwise acquisition of apomorphies. Yet the most ancient stem-salamanders, known from mid-Jurassic rocks, shed little light on the origin o… Show more

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Cited by 50 publications
(90 citation statements)
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“…Calibration of these nodes depends on broad anatomical comparisons across the entire early tetrapod diversification, beginning in the late Devonian and extending through the early Permian. These anatomical comparisons also extend to the earliest representatives of modern amphibian lineages in the Mesozoic Ascarrunz et al, 2016;Schoch et al, 2020), as these fossils preserve generalized tetrapod anatomy not seen in modern representatives of these groups and therefore provide insight into the relationships between amphibians, amniotes, and extinct tetrapod groups. This instability manifests as two major points of controversy:…”
Section: Node Minima: What Are the Earliest Representatives Of The Mamentioning
confidence: 87%
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“…Calibration of these nodes depends on broad anatomical comparisons across the entire early tetrapod diversification, beginning in the late Devonian and extending through the early Permian. These anatomical comparisons also extend to the earliest representatives of modern amphibian lineages in the Mesozoic Ascarrunz et al, 2016;Schoch et al, 2020), as these fossils preserve generalized tetrapod anatomy not seen in modern representatives of these groups and therefore provide insight into the relationships between amphibians, amniotes, and extinct tetrapod groups. This instability manifests as two major points of controversy:…”
Section: Node Minima: What Are the Earliest Representatives Of The Mamentioning
confidence: 87%
“…The earliest unambiguous lissamphibian fossil is the stem-anuran Triadobatrachus massinoti (Figure 3H) from the earliest Triassic Sakamena Formation of Madagascar (Rage and Roček, 1989;Ascarrunz et al, 2016). Early caudates appear by the Middle Triassic of Kyrgyzstan (Schoch et al, 2020), whereas the earliest unambiguous stem-gymnophionans are Jurassic in age (Jenkins et al, 2007). In phylogenetic analyses that place lissamphibians within lepospondyls, no Palaeozoic tetrapods are found within the lissamphibian crown group Laurin, 2013, 2019).…”
Section: Phylogenetic Context Of the Amphibian Crownmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Like Irisarri et al (2017), I cannot assign a maximum age other than that of Node 160. The oldest known stem-salamanders, except for the Middle or Late Triassic Triassurus (Schoch et al, 2020), are Bathonian (Skutschas, 2015, and references therein); the fossil record of total-group salamanders thus exemplifies Carroll’s Gap (Marjanović and Laurin, 2013a).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The upper formations of the Newark Supergroup, which represent the rift lakes that preceded the opening of the Central Atlantic Ocean between Africa and North America, have yielded whole species flocks of semionotid actinopterygians among other parts of a lake fauna and flora (Olsen, 1988, 2010), and they cover so much space and time that if any aquatic salientians existed in northwestern Pangea during that time, we should expect to have found them – yet, salientians are consistently absent from these sediments (Olsen, 1988). The absence of salamanders (Olsen, 1988) may be explained by geography in that that group may have originated in Asia or at least northeastern Pangea (where indeed the Middle or Late Triassic Triassurus was found: Schoch et al, 2020). All other Barremian or earlier xenoanurans, however, have so far been found on the Iberian microcontinent or in North America, and the stratigraphic fit of their phylogeny (Gómez, 2016; Aranciaga Rolando et al, 2019) is good enough that if pipids older than Oumtkoutia existed, northwestern Pangea is where we should look for them.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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