A trisaccharide phenylethanoid glycoside from Scrophularia flava Grau with potential anti-type 2 diabetic properties by inhibiting α-glucosidase enzyme and decreasing oxidative stress

Ferruginoside D: A Novel Phenylethanoid from Verbascum leiocarpum

“…According to the results, the presence of hydroxyl groups on the aromatic rings of phenylethanoids was the key function for the inhibition of α‐glucosidase. Similar trends in the structure‐activity relationship of phenylethanoids were reported previously [33,34] . Upon comparing the inhibitory activities of molecules 8 , 9 , and 10 , possessing identical aromatic cores, the incorporation of an additional rhamnose group in 8 resulted in a notable decrease in activity.…”

“…Similar trends in the structureactivity relationship of phenylethanoids were reported previously. [33,34] Upon comparing the inhibitory activities of molecules 8, 9, and 10, possessing identical aromatic cores, the incorporation of an additional rhamnose group in 8 resulted in a notable decrease in activity. Therefore, it can be inferred that the bioactivity of glycosylated compounds varies based on the number of sugar moieties attached to the structure.…”

Therapeutic potential of phenylethanoid glycosides: A systematic review

“…In addition, flavaioside possessed a significant inhibitory activity on the α-glucosidase enzyme, and the inhibitory activity (91.85%) was comparable with the known anti-type 2 diabetic drug, acarbose (92.87%). 158 The in vitro experiments showed that verbascoside, echinacoside, isoverbascoside, 2ʹ-acetylverbascoside, tubulosides A, tubulosides B, syringalide A, 3-O-rhamnose, campneoside I, and kankanoside J 1 from C. tubulosa could offer strong inhibition against lens aldose reductase with their IC 50 of 3.1, 1.2, 4.6, 0.071, 8.8, 4.0, 11.1, 0.53, and 9.3 μM, respectively. Especially, 2ʹ-acetylverbascoside showed the similar activity with epalrestat, a clinical aldose reductase inhibitor.…”

“…The detailed information of 116 new PhGs identified during 2009–2016 was given in 2016 3 . In the present review, we summarized the 111 PhGs 11–56 that have not been reviewed previously (1993–1997, 2007–2009, and 2016‐present) in Tables 1 and 2. The latest new PhGs (ginkgoside C and D) was published on 16 June 2020.…”