A Trisialoganglioside Containing a Sialyl α2-6 N-Acetylgalactosamine Residue Is a Cholinergic-Specific Antigen, Chol-1α1

Ando, Susumu; Hirabayashi, Yoshio; Kon, Kazuo; Inagaki, Fuyuhiko; Kojima, Kiyohide; Tate, Shin‐ichi; Whittaker, V. P.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123751

Cited by 68 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Fas is overexpressed in hepatocytes transformed by human hepatitis C virus. Injection of CTLs specific for the human hepatitis B virus in transgenic mice carrying the virus induced fulminant hepatitis [77][78][79]. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis of involvement of Fas system in the occurrence of fulminant hepatitis when hepatocytes are infected with hepatitis B or C viruses.…”

Section: Diseases Related To Excessive Cell Deathsupporting

confidence: 86%

The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases

Solary¹,

Dubrez²,

Eymin³

1996

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In adult multicellular organisms, homeostasis is determined in each cell lineage by a balance between cell death and cell growth. Dysregulation of cell death mechanisms is involved in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of diseases. Defective apoptosis can participate in malignant transformation, viral latency and autoimmune diseases. Excessive apoptotic cell death is involved in CD4+ T-cell depletion observed in acquired immune deficiency syndrome, in fulminant hepatitis associated with infection by hepatitis B and C viruses, in some neurodegenerative disorders and haematological diseases, in polycystic kidney disease and ischaemia.Three steps can be distinguished in the pathway that leads to cell death. The first step involves interactions between the extracellular and intracellular signals that decide whether a cell should live or die. When death is chosen, a common pathway that involves at least the Bcl-2-family of proteins and the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-converting enzyme-related cysteine proteases confirms whether or not the cell should die. Finally, if death is allowed to occur, the apoptotic process itself is characterized by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation, proteolysis and morphological changes that precede the engulfment of apoptotic cells by neighbouring cells and phagocytes.Several inducers and inhibitors of apoptosis acting on one or several of these three steps that characterize the apoptotic process have been identified in vitro. Their potential usefulness in improving the current therapeutic strategies and designing new strategies in several different diseases is discussed.

show abstract

Section: Diseases Related To Excessive Cell Deathsupporting

confidence: 86%

The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases

Solary¹,

Dubrez²,

Eymin³

1996

Eur Respir J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The chemical shifts of the anomeric proton resonances were in fair agreement with those of G,,, (Table 1). Furthermore, the chemical shifts of equatorial protons at the C3 position of NeuAc in ganglioside Y (2.67ppm and 2.76ppm) were also consistent with those of GTln [NeuAca2-3Gal~l-3(NeuAca2-6)GalNAc~l-4(NeuAcu2-3)Gal@l-4Glc~l-l Cer] in which NeuAc are linked to the C6 position of GalNAcP and the C3 position of non-reducing terminal GalP, respectively [30]. The assignment of the ring proton resonances of ganglioside Y was achieved by means of two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy (data not shown) [31].…”

Section: Determination Of the Neuac Linkages In Ganglioside Y By 'H-nsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…The majority of gangliosides in rat liver are of the aseries or b-series [30]. Asialo-series gangliosides, such as G,, , or Go,.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro synthesis of disialoganglioside (G_d1α) from asialo‐G_m1 using sialyltransferases in rat liver Golgi vesicles

Hidari

Kawashima

Tai

et al. 1994

European Journal of Biochemistry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two gangliosides were efficiently synthesized from asialo-G,, (Gal~1-3GalNAc~l-4Gal~l-4GlcP1-1 Cer) and cytidine 5'-phosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuAc) by using sialyltransferases in rat liver Golgi vesicles in vitro. These gangliosides were rapidly purified by a combination of anion exchange and reverse-phase column chromatographies. The ganglioside structures were determined by TLC analysis, treatment with a sialidase from Salmonella typhimurium LT2, which specifically hydrolyzes a2-3 N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAca2-3) linkages, TLC immunostaining, and 'H-NMR spectroscopy. One of the gangliosides was identified as GDla [NeuAca2-3Gal~l-3(NeuAca2-6)GalNAc~l-4Gal~l-4Glc~1-1 Cer] . The other ganglioside was determined to be G,, , (NeuAca2-3Galp1-3GalNAcal-4Galpl-4Glcp1-1 Cer), which has been reported in a previous study [Pohlentz, G., Klein, D., Schmitz, D., Schwarzmann, G., Peter-Katalinic, J. & Sandhoff, K. (1988) Bid. Chem. Hoppe-Seyler 369, 55-63]. Finally, G,,, and GDla were obtained from asialo-G,, as a starting material in 8.1% and 1.2% overall yields, respectively. This study also suggests that the novel synthetic pathway aSialo-GMl--'G,, b+GDln may exist in rat liver.It is well known that gangliosides comprise one of the ubiquitous components of the eukaryotic plasma membrane. More than one hundred molecular species of gangliosides have been identified on the basis of the diversity of their carbohydrate structures [4]. Gangliosides have been reported to be tumor antigens, regional and temporal markers in early embryos, and perhaps play essential roles in cellular phenomena such as cellkell interactions, differentiation, and signal transduction via receptors [5 -81. Most gangliosides involved in these phenomena exist as minor components in the plasma membrane. These minor gangliosides have putative functional roles in the immune and nervous systems [9-131. For Abbreviations. The classification of gangliosides, including asialo-and a-series gangliosides, is based on Pohlentz et al. [l] and Taki et al. [2]. The nomenclature used for gangliosides is based on the system of Svennerholm [3]. Cer, ceramide; NeuAc, N-acetylneuraminic acid ; lactosylceramide, GalPl-4GlcPl-1 Cer ; asialo-G,,, GalPl3GalNAcPl-4GalPl-4Glcpl-l Cer ; G,,,, NeuAca2-3GalPl-3Gal-NAc/~l-4Gal~I-4Glc~l-l Cer ; IV'NeuAcGg,Cer, NeuAca2-6GalPl-3GalNAcpI -4GalPl-4Glcpl-1 Cer; G,,,', GalP1-3(NeuAcn2-6)GalNAcPl-4GalPl-4GlcPl-1 Cer; G,, c, NeuAca2-8NeuAca2-3Galfil-3GalNAcPl-4GalP1 -4GlcP1-1 Cer ; G,,,, NeuAcn2-3GalPl-3(NeuAca2-6)GalNAc/ll-4(NeuAca2-3)Gal~1-4Glc/ll-1 Cer ; G,,,, NeuAca2-3Gal~l-3(NeuAca2-6)GalNAc~l-4Gal~l-4Glc~1-l Cer ; G,,,, II'NeuAc-GgOse,Cer ; G,,, II'NeuAc-LacCer ; G,, a, IV'NeuAc, IPNeuAc-GgOse,Cer ; G,, b, II'(NeuAc),-GgOse,Cer; G,,, IIYNeuAc),-LacCer ; G,,, II'NeuAc-GgOse,Cer.Enzymes. Peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7); sialidase (EC 3.2.1.18); sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.-).4Glcpl-lCer) is known as a specific and common marker in the mouse immune and nervous systems [9-121. G,,, (NeuAca2-3Galpl-3GalNAcpl-4Galpl-4Glcp1-1 C...

show abstract

“…␣-Series gangliosides have been reported as cholinergic nerve-specific molecules (Chol-1) (31,32) or binding molecules to myelin-associated glycoprotein in vitro (33). These studies indicate that ␣-series gangliosides play critical roles in the interaction and communication between neuronal cells and their supportive cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Molecular Cloning and Expression of Mouse GD1α/GT1aα/GQ1bα Synthase (ST6GalNAc VI) Gene

Okajima¹,

Chen²,

Ito³

et al. 2000

Journal of Biological Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A novel member of the mouse CMP-NeuAc:␤-N-acetylgalactosaminide ␣2,6-sialyltransferase (ST6GalNAc) subfamily, designated ST6GalNAc VI, was identified by BLAST analysis of expressed sequence tags. The sequence of the cDNA clone of ST6GalNAc VI encoded a type II membrane protein with 43 amino acids composing the cytoplasmic domain, 21 amino acids composing the transmembrane region, and 269 amino acids composing the catalytic domain. The predicted amino acid sequence showed homology to the previously cloned ST6GalNAc III, IV, and V, with common amino acid sequences in sialyl motif L and S among these four enzymes. A fusion protein with protein A and extracts from L cells transfected with ST6GalNAc VI in an expression vector showed enzyme activity of ␣2,6-sialyltransferase for GM1b, GT1b, and GD1a but not toward glycoproteins. Thin layer chromatography-immunostaining revealed that the products were GD1␣, GQ1b␣, and GT1a␣. Northern blotting revealed that this gene was expressed in a wide range of mouse tissues such as colon, liver, heart, spleen, and brain. It is concluded that this enzyme is a novel sialyltransferase involved in the synthesis of ␣-series gangliosides in the nervous tissues and many other tissues.Sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids are designated gangliosides and have been thought to play important roles in a wide variety of biological events such as cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix interaction, protein targeting, and acceptance of extracellular molecules and particles (1). Among gangliosides that have been defined to date, four different linkages of sialic acids are identified, i.e. ␣2,3-galactose (Gal), 1 ␣2,6Gal, ␣2,8-sialic acid (Sia), and ␣2,6N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc).For the biosynthesis of sialyl compounds containing sialic acids in their carbohydrate moiety, a number of sialyltransferases should be present depending on the individual linkages and on the individual acceptor structures. Actually, more than 16 species of sialyltransferase genes utilizing glycoproteins and/or glycolipids as an acceptor have been cloned (2), i.e. 6 genes for ␣2,3Gal (ST3Gal), 1 gene for ␣2,6Gal (ST6Gal), 5 genes for ␣2,8Sia (ST8Sia), and 5 genes for ␣2,6GalNAc (ST6GalNAc). Many of these sialyltransferase genes were isolated by polymerase chain reaction based on similar sequences named sialyl motifs, which were first identified by Paulson and co-workers (3) in purified sialyltransferases, and in all sialyltransferases isolated thereafter (2).Among gangliosides, ␣-series gangliosides that were defined as a new series of gangliosides containing NeuAc linked to the C6 position of GalNAc of the gangliotetraosyl backbone (4, 5) have been considered to be a minor component (6). Compared with O-glycan, ␣2,6-sialylated GalNAc structures are rarely detected in glycosphingolipids, and little is known about their expression and significance. Recently, we have isolated a unique member of the ST6GalNAc family designated ST6GalNAc V expressed in brain tissues in a restricted manner. ST6GalNAc V encoded by this g...

show abstract

A Trisialoganglioside Containing a Sialyl α2-6 N-Acetylgalactosamine Residue Is a Cholinergic-Specific Antigen, Chol-1α1

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases

The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases

In vitro synthesis of disialoganglioside (G_d1α) from asialo‐G_m1 using sialyltransferases in rat liver Golgi vesicles

Molecular Cloning and Expression of Mouse GD1α/GT1aα/GQ1bα Synthase (ST6GalNAc VI) Gene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

A Trisialoganglioside Containing a Sialyl α2-6 N-Acetylgalactosamine Residue Is a Cholinergic-Specific Antigen, Chol-1α1

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases

The role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of diseases

In vitro synthesis of disialoganglioside (Gd1α) from asialo‐Gm1 using sialyltransferases in rat liver Golgi vesicles

Molecular Cloning and Expression of Mouse GD1α/GT1aα/GQ1bα Synthase (ST6GalNAc VI) Gene

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

In vitro synthesis of disialoganglioside (G_d1α) from asialo‐G_m1 using sialyltransferases in rat liver Golgi vesicles