A true full-duplex 32-channel 0.135cm³ neural interface

A wearable platform for closed-loop stimulation and recording of single-neuron and local field potential activity in freely moving humans

“…Although Neuro-stack is much smaller than other external systems, an even smaller version could be tested in future studies, because its IC chips are all implantable [38][39][40][41][42]46 and require a combined area of 113 mm 2 (four analog layers). An implantable version of the Neuro-stack 39 but with its added single-neuron and closed-loop stimulation capabilities thus presents an exciting avenue toward a completely wireless intracranial single-unit and LFP recording system that would not be susceptible to motion artifacts.…”

“…The analog layer (Fig. 1b, bottom) contains mixed-signal sensing IC (Sense IC and Spike IC) and stimulation IC (Stim IC) chips, which were previously developed as part of the DARPA SUBNETS program [38][39][40][41] . A single Sense IC (one per analog…”

A wearable platform for closed-loop stimulation and recording of single-neuron and local field potential activity in freely-moving humans

“…Although Neuro-stack is much smaller than other external systems, an even smaller version could be tested in future in-vivo studies since its IC chips are all implantable by design [29][30][31][32][33]37] and require a combined area of just 113 mm 2 (ICs from all layers, four analog and one digital). An implantable version of the Neuro-stack [30] but with its added single-neuron and closed-loop stimulation capabilities thus presents an exciting avenue towards a completely wireless intracranial single-unit and LFP recording system that would not be susceptible to motion artifacts.…”

“…It also down-streams the commands to control the Stim IC. The controller integrated into the Sense IC implements the state machine for serial peripheral interface (SPI) communication, schedules the data for the sensing output, and features the capability of individual control of every FE/NLC/ASAR module [33][34][35][36]. The phase-locked stimulation (PLS) IC is a previously developed digital chip that supports 16channel detection of the power at selectable frequencies within theta band (3-8 Hz), and triggers configured stimulation at a specified phase of the detected oscillation [41][42].…”

“…The analog layer (Fig. 1b, bottom) contains mixed-signal sensing IC (Sense IC and Spike IC) and stimulation IC (Stim IC) chips, which were previously developed as part of the DARPA SUBNETS program [29][30][31][32]. A single Sense IC (one per analog layer) accepts neural activity from up to 64 electrode contacts fed into voltage-controlled oscillators (VCO), which serve as analog-digital converters (ADC).…”