the emergence of bionics. Although it has only been around for â60 years, bionics has undeniably spread to and revolutionized almost every aspect of human life. Special wettability, one of the most common phenomena in nature, was described as early as in 1805 with Young's equation. [1] However, it was not until 1976 that the term "superhydrophobicity" was first introduced to describe the particle coating of hydrophobic fumed silicon dioxide, on which water droplets remained spherical and the adhesion force was negligible. Later, in 1997, Barthlott [2] and Neinhuis [3] reported the "lotus effect" and revealed the origin of the self-cleaning property of lotus leaves: the presence of papillae on the microstructure and epicuticular wax. Subsequently, Jiang et al. further deciphered that the nanostructures on the top of the micropapillae impart superhydrophobicity to the surface of lotus leaves. [4] At the same time, it was discovered that many other naturally occurring phenomena are due to the superhydrophobicity of materials, [5] such as the high and directional adhesion of gecko foot, the structural color of butterfly wings, the anisotropic wetting of rice leaves, the low fluid friction of water strider legs, the antifogging and anti-reflection of mosquito compound eyes, the high adhesion of red rose petals, the low adhesion of cicada wings, the high reflection of poplar leaves, and the water capture of Stenocara beetles, etc. To date, great efforts have been made to establish theoretical models to understand superhydrophobic phenomena, develop advanced strategies and techniques to fabricate superhydrophobic surfaces, and exploit the versatile properties and functions of superhydrophobic materials. [6] However, it is still a great challenge to translate superhydrophobic phenomena in nature into practical applications by mimicry. Fortunately, after thorough investigations, researchers have found that sufficient roughness and suitable surface energy are the two indispensable determinants to impart superhydrophobicity to synthetic materials. [7] Applications of superhydrophobic materials in transportation, architecture/building protection, oil/water separation, and seawater desalination to biomedical device fabrication, biosensing, energy conversion and utilization, and textile manufacturing, have been studied extensively over the past decade (Figure 1). [8] An analytical report published by Mordor Inspired by the lotus leaf in nature, superhydrophobic materials have attracted considerable attention in both science and industry over the past three decades. Apart from the most characteristic yet widely used properties such as waterproofing, anti-fouling, and self-cleaning, superhydrophobic materials have also developed exciting new functions such as drag reduction, corrosion resistance, anti-icing, anti-bacteria, and anti-reflection. In this review article, the theoretical models describing superhydrophobic surfaces are first briefly introduced. Then, the most common substrates and strategies for fabricating super...