A tumour of vascular origin in a horse

Abstract

Summary Tumours of vascular origin are uncommon in horses. This report describes the surgical treatment of a large subcutaneous tumour in a Quarter Horse colt. The histopathological appearance of the mass was most consistent with a haemangioma. While these neoplasms of vascular origin are often difficult to characterise, it has been suggested that there is a continuum of types with some cases falling between the categories. Further classification of vascular tumours requires special stains and immunohistochemical techniques.

Der klinische Fall: Chirurgische Entfernung einer pränatal entstandenen Proliferation

“…Entwicklung aus Hämangiomen [42] ▪ bedeckende Haut oftmals ulzerierend mit serosanguinöser Exsudation [11] ▪ bei Pferden insgesamt selten [42] ▪ bei jungen Pferden beschrieben [11], gehäuft bei älteren Pferden [56] ▪ mutmaßlich unterschiedliche Ausprägung bei jüngeren und bei älteren Pferden [42]: jüngere Pferde: vornehmlich unifokale Formen, oft im Bereich der Gliedmaßen unter Beteiligung der knöchernen Strukturen [56] ältere Pferde: vornehmlich disseminierte, multifokale Formen; verschiedene Organsysteme betroffen (Atmungsapparat, muskuloskelettales System etc.) [56] K ASTEN 2 Hämangiom ▪ gutartiger, expansiv wachsender, gefäßassoziierter Tumor der Endothelzellen [12,44] ▪ Differenzierung von Hämangiomen und Hamartomen oft schwierig [24]: erfolgt in der Regel anhand der Proliferationsgeschwindigkeit und dem Reifegrad der Zellen [49] ▪ mutmaßlich können sich Hämangiome aus Hamartomen entwickeln [11,16] ▪ Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit meist höher als beim umliegenden Gewebe [46,48] ▪ oft kongenital [7,23]; meist bei jungen, aber auch bei älteren Pferden [11,50,51] K ASTEN 1 Hamartom ▪ entwicklungsbedingte fokale Fehlbildung ▪ lokal überschießendes, unkoordiniertes, nichtneoplastisches Wachstum ortsständiger, ausgereifter Zellen [12,19,22,45] ▪ kann in vielen Bereichen des Körpers auftreten ▪ vaskuläres Hamartom:…”

Perivascular wall tumour presenting as pastern mass in a Standardbred gelding

“…T here are limited reports of disordered growth of vascular origin in horses and accurate classification has been hindered by inconsistencies in the nomenclature. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Diagnoses of hamartoma, hemangioma, haemangioma, haemangiosarcoma, vascular naevus, lymphangioma, glomus tumour and proliferative angioma exist, but no case of perivascular wall tumour (PWT) has been described in the horse. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] PWT arise from the cellular components of the vascular wall; including pericytes present in the capillary subendothelial lining and vascular smooth muscle cells but excluding the endothelial lining.…”

“…Furthermore, increased blood pressure in the equine distal limb is speculated to influence the predilection of equine vascular malformations and neoplasms to the limb. 1,3,5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Other locations are less commonly described. 2,6,14 This report documents for the first time the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) characteristics of a PWT of the pastern in a 2 year old Standardbred gelding.…”

“…1,3,5,6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Other locations are less commonly described. 2,6,14 This report documents for the first time the clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) characteristics of a PWT of the pastern in a 2 year old Standardbred gelding.…”

“…There are limited reports of disordered growth of vascular origin in horses and accurate classification has been hindered by inconsistencies in the nomenclature 1–15 . Diagnoses of hamartoma, hemangioma, haemangioma, haemangiosarcoma, vascular naevus, lymphangioma, glomus tumour and proliferative angioma exist, but no case of perivascular wall tumour (PWT) has been described in the horse 1–15 …”