A tunable high-impedance THz antenna array

Zangeneh-Nejad, Farzad; Safian, Reza

doi:10.1109/iraniancee.2015.7146248

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In nano‐antennas, the AFs are not normalized concerning the number of elements (N) because, in the case of the nano‐antenna arrays, the power of each element is driven independently, and the distance between the elements is called plasmonic wavelength. The AF can be modified and given in Equations ()–() 134,135

A F false(θ, ϕ false) = ((), \frac{s i n ((), N \frac{ψ_{x}}{2})}{s i n ((), \frac{ψ_{x}}{2})}) ((), \frac{s i n ((), N \frac{ψ_{y}}{2})}{s i n ((), \frac{ψ_{y}}{2})})

ψ_{x} = \frac{2 π}{γ} ((), s i n θ c o s ϕ - s i n θ_{0} c o s ϕ_{0})

ψ_{y} = \frac{2 π}{γ} ((), s i n θ s i n ϕ - s i n θ_{0} s i n ϕ_{0})

where

γ

is known as the confinement factor.…”

Section: Thz Antenna Arrays: Single Port and Multiple Radiating Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review

Pant¹,

Malviya²

2023

Int J Communication

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Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) wireless communication will be the future technology to reach a top-notch data rate. THz is one of the most promising candidates for 6G systems because it provides enormous bandwidth, up to 100 GHz, and a massive data rate of up to 1 Tbps. THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antenna arrays in 6G are hot research topics for implementing 6G wireless communication systems. The 6G aims to continue to enhance the features of the 5G as it is capable of achieving the maximum high-speed data rate, excellent reliable communication, massive connectivity, and very low latency connectivity. The 6G requirements need high-gain antenna arrays and MIMO antenna arrays to combat the effect of atmospheric losses in high frequencies. An in-depth discussion of the planar THz antennas that have been extensively used in THz applications like imaging, sensing, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) has been conducted. The study of the THz antennas, antenna arrays, and MIMO antennas on different conducting materials such as copper and graphene, which are designed on different dielectric substrates such as polyimide, quartz, liquid crystalline polymer, and polytetrafluoroethylene, has been carried out in detail. Metamaterial, photoconductive, plasmonic antennas, and THz beamforming are significant parts of THz communications. This paper also provides antennas and antenna arrays based on them.

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A F false(θ, ϕ false) = ((), \frac{s i n ((), N \frac{ψ_{x}}{2})}{s i n ((), \frac{ψ_{x}}{2})}) ((), \frac{s i n ((), N \frac{ψ_{y}}{2})}{s i n ((), \frac{ψ_{y}}{2})})

ψ_{x} = \frac{2 π}{γ} ((), s i n θ c o s ϕ - s i n θ_{0} c o s ϕ_{0})

ψ_{y} = \frac{2 π}{γ} ((), s i n θ s i n ϕ - s i n θ_{0} s i n ϕ_{0})

where

γ

is known as the confinement factor.…”

Section: Thz Antenna Arrays: Single Port and Multiple Radiating Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THz antennas design, developments, challenges, and applications: A review

Pant¹,

Malviya²

2023

Int J Communication

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“…The fabrication of such antenna is a complex task due to the large number of gate electrodes beneath the graphene sheet, but this large number of gate electrodes brings the advantage that the side radiation lobes can be sufficiently reduced. Nejad and coworkers investigated a tunable graphene high impedance antenna array at THz frequencies to realize the beam steering of the radiation pattern without using switches or phase shifters [251]. The authors designed a 2 × 2 graphene-based photoconductive array configuration and calculated the self and mutual impedance of the unit cell using HFSS software.…”

Section: Beam Steering Graphene Antennas and Phased Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Development of Tunable Graphene Nanoantennas for Terahertz Optoelectronic and Plasmonic Applications

Ullah

Witjaksono

Nawi

et al. 2020

Sensors

104

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Exceptional advancement has been made in the development of graphene optical nanoantennas. They are incorporated with optoelectronic devices for plasmonics application and have been an active research area across the globe. The interest in graphene plasmonic devices is driven by the different applications they have empowered, such as ultrafast nanodevices, photodetection, energy harvesting, biosensing, biomedical imaging and high-speed terahertz communications. In this article, the aim is to provide a detailed review of the essential explanation behind graphene nanoantennas experimental proofs for the developments of graphene-based plasmonics antennas, achieving enhanced light–matter interaction by exploiting graphene material conductivity and optical properties. First, the fundamental graphene nanoantennas and their tunable resonant behavior over THz frequencies are summarized. Furthermore, incorporating graphene–metal hybrid antennas with optoelectronic devices can prompt the acknowledgment of multi-platforms for photonics. More interestingly, various technical methods are critically studied for frequency tuning and active modulation of optical characteristics, through in situ modulations by applying an external electric field. Second, the various methods for radiation beam scanning and beam reconfigurability are discussed through reflectarray and leaky-wave graphene antennas. In particular, numerous graphene antenna photodetectors and graphene rectennas for energy harvesting are studied by giving a critical evaluation of antenna performances, enhanced photodetection, energy conversion efficiency and the significant problems that remain to be addressed. Finally, the potential developments in the synthesis of graphene material and technological methods involved in the fabrication of graphene–metal nanoantennas are discussed.

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“…The other advantages are the possibility of performing remote sensing by means of them, their very wide dynamic range, and their reliable operation. In the past years, various optical structures have been proposed to do sensing [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. One of the most important ways to do so, is the use of a medium possessing a high value of refractive index such as silicon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%