A Tutorial and Review Discussion of Modulation, Control and Tuning of High-Performance DC-DC Converters Based on Small-Signal and Large-Signal Approaches

Kapat, Santanu; Krein, P.T.

doi:10.1109/ojpel.2020.3018311

Cited by 98 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(231 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, using classical averaging methods, the need of the (difficult) theory of Filippov can be avoided. Indeed, it has been shown rigorously in 39, 40, 41 that the averaged behavior of the switched system can be obtained from () by replacing the discrete input

q ((), t)

by a smooth function

u ((), t)

, known as the duty ratio 17,42 . That is to say,

({}, 0, 1) ∍ q \to u \in ([], 0, 1)

.…”

Section: System Description and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the average model is given by the following pair of equations:

\begin{matrix} lefttrue \\ C_{o} \frac{d v_{o} (t)}{d t} = i_{L} (t) - \frac{1}{r (t)} v_{o} (t), \\ L \frac{d i_{L} (t)}{d t} = - v_{o} (t) + v_{s} (t) u (t), \end{matrix}

where the duty ratio

u ((), t)

is utilized as control input.Remark The smooth function

u ((), t)

can be used to drive the electronic switch of the converter via pulse‐width modulation/modulator (PWM), as described in Figure 1. Moreover, if PWM saturation is avoided, the averaged model () can be used for a small signal approximation and controller design 40,42,43 …”

Section: System Description and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming that the PWM does not exhibit saturation, based on Remark 1, system () can be linearized to obtain a small signal model, which can be used for feedback control design and stability analysis 40,42 . With this aim, a classical decomposition of the variables of the system into nominal DC values and small signals is performed as follows:

v_{s} ((), t) = V_{s} + {\overset{falsê}{v}}_{s} ((), t), i_{L} ((), t) = I_{L} + {\overset{falsê}{i}}_{L} ((), t), v_{o} ((), t) = V_{o} + {\overset{falsê}{v}}_{o} ((), t),

and

u ((), t) = U + \overset{u}{true} ((), t)

.…”

Section: System Description and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stoichiometric ratios of hydrogen and air are set as

1.5

and

3

, respectively. Once the control signal

u ((), t)

is produced, the mapping

q ((), t) \to u ((), t)

is reversed using sawtooth‐based PWM at a fixed frequency of

f_{s} = 100

kHz to drive the electronic switch of the converter as shown in Figure 2, the reader is referred to 42 for additional comments on PWM techniques.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A robust energy processing method for fuel cell systems supplying a time‐varying uncertain load

Ramírez

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Robustness and performance are key properties that can contribute to the widespread dissemination of fuel cell systems (FCSs) as power sources, and a precise output voltage can serve as a reliable criterion to evaluate these properties. In this paper, we propose to utilize intentional time delays as part of controllers to achieve proper output voltage regulation in an FCS. In the past few years, there has been a growing interest toward designing controllers with intentional delays to render improved responses and better noise attenuation capabilities in various classes of systems and this investigation extends the use of delay‐based controllers to the application field of FCSs. A natural progression of this research, which to our knowledge has not been addressed, pertains to how such controllers perform in the presence of uncertainties, and whether or not these controllers can accommodate these uncertainties. In this research work, we present a solution to this open problem on a class of proportional integral retarded (PIR) controllers when controlling an FCS supplying a time‐varying uncertain load. Through stability theory, the safe operation of the PIR controlled FCS is systematically guaranteed in spite of uncertain loads and input voltages. Specifically, based on Lyapunov methods and L2‐gain analysis, we derive simple stability conditions to achieve robustness and H∞ performance. We show that utilizing only output voltage measurements the PIR controller can maintain the predictive features of a pure differentiator, but without its inherent noise amplification problems. Hence, low‐pass filtering of signals or reconstruction of the states can be obviated. Compared with published control schemes for FCSs, the PIR controller is structurally simpler and practically realizable, and it is able to maintain robustness against uncertain loads and H∞ performance under exogenous signals without relying on disturbance estimators. Numerical simulations confirm the superiority of the PIR controller over benchmark proportional integral and proportional integral derivative controllers in terms of robustness, performance and noise attenuation capabilities.

show abstract

q ((), t)

by a smooth function

u ((), t)

, known as the duty ratio 17,42 . That is to say,

({}, 0, 1) ∍ q \to u \in ([], 0, 1)

.…”

Section: System Description and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the average model is given by the following pair of equations:

\begin{matrix} lefttrue \\ C_{o} \frac{d v_{o} (t)}{d t} = i_{L} (t) - \frac{1}{r (t)} v_{o} (t), \\ L \frac{d i_{L} (t)}{d t} = - v_{o} (t) + v_{s} (t) u (t), \end{matrix}

where the duty ratio

u ((), t)

is utilized as control input.Remark The smooth function

u ((), t)

Section: System Description and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

v_{s} ((), t) = V_{s} + {\overset{falsê}{v}}_{s} ((), t), i_{L} ((), t) = I_{L} + {\overset{falsê}{i}}_{L} ((), t), v_{o} ((), t) = V_{o} + {\overset{falsê}{v}}_{o} ((), t),

and

u ((), t) = U + \overset{u}{true} ((), t)

.…”

Section: System Description and Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stoichiometric ratios of hydrogen and air are set as

1.5

and

3

, respectively. Once the control signal

u ((), t)

is produced, the mapping

q ((), t) \to u ((), t)

is reversed using sawtooth‐based PWM at a fixed frequency of

f_{s} = 100

kHz to drive the electronic switch of the converter as shown in Figure 2, the reader is referred to 42 for additional comments on PWM techniques.…”

Section: Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A robust energy processing method for fuel cell systems supplying a time‐varying uncertain load

Ramírez

2022

Intl J of Energy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The critical aspect of all resonant topologies, including the class-E one, is that the optimum or sub-optimum behavior can be ensured for a given operating point only (e.g., the one that guarantees the nominal output power). As a consequence, in order to cope with different output power levels, several control methodologies have been presented so far in the literature [17]- [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Zero-Transient Dual-Frequency Control for Class-E Resonant DC–DC Converters

Celentano

Pareschi

Rovatti

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, a dual-frequency control method for regulating the output power in class-E resonant DC-DC converters has been introduced. As in the standard ON-OFF control or other recently proposed dual-frequency controls, the approach is based on the ability of the converter to alternately operate in a high-and a low-power state. The proposed solution has a twofold advantage: on the one hand, soft-switching capabilities (i.e., Zero-Voltage and Zero-Voltage-Derivative switching) are preserved in both operating states; on the other hand, it is possible to reduce to zero the transient time required to switch from one state to the other one. The most straightforward consequence is the possibility to increase to very large values the frequency at which the two operating states are switched, up to the same order of magnitude as the main switching frequency of the converter. In this way, the additional ripple introduced by the proposed dualfrequency control can be decreased to a negligible value. The approach has been validated by measurements on a prototype operating between 4 MHz and 8 MHz and in which it has been possible to increase the control frequency up to 500 kHz.

show abstract