A Twenty-Five Year Review of Laboratory-Acquired Human Infections at the National Animal Disease Center

Miller, C.D.; Songer, J. R.; Sullivan, James F.

doi:10.1202/0002-8894(1987)048<0271:atyrol>2.0.co;2

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Species results were reported for 63 LAB cases: 44 (70%) were infected with B. melitensis, 9 (14%) with B. abortus, and 1 (2%) with B. suis; 9 (14%) were culture negative, and the species to which the individuals were exposed were not indicated (63).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Literature Review of Laboratory-Acquired Brucellosis

et al. 2013

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bBrucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease which has been associated with laboratory-acquired infections. No recent reviews have addressed the characteristics of laboratory-acquired brucellosis (LAB). English-language literature was reviewed to identify reports of laboratory exposures to Brucella spp. and LAB cases between 1982 and 2007. Evaluation of 28 case reports identified 167 potentially exposed laboratory workers, of whom 71 had LAB. Nine reports were identified that summarized an additional 186 cases of LAB. Only 18 (11%) exposures were due to laboratory accidents, 147 (88%) exposures were due to aerosolization of organisms during routine identification activities, and the circumstances of 2 (1%) exposures were unknown. Brucella melitensis was the causative agent in 80% (135/167) of the exposures. Workers with high-risk exposures were 9.3 times more likely to develop LAB than workers with low-risk exposures (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 to 38.6; P < 0.0001); they were also 0.009 times likelier to develop LAB if they took antimicrobial PEP than if they did not (95% CI, 0 to 0.042; P < 0.0001). The median incubation period in case and summary reports was 8 weeks (range 1 to 40 weeks). Antimicrobial PEP is effective in preventing LAB. The incubation period may be used to identify appropriate serological and symptom surveillance time frames for exposed laboratory workers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Literature Review of Laboratory-Acquired Brucellosis

et al. 2013

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“…DNA-DNA reassociation studies were performed to examine the level of genomic relatedness of BO1 to two reference strains: B. melitensis 16M and B. suis 1330 (21). BO1 genomic DNA was labeled with 32 P by nick translation, and the relative binding ratios were determined at both 60 and 75°C. The observed DNA relatedness was 78 to 80% at 60°C and 81 to 83% at 75°C with a divergence (⌬T m ) of Ͻ1.0 (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brucellosis is also an occupational hazard of laboratory scientists infected by the inhalation of aerosols in a microbiology laboratory setting (32,37). In humans, brucellosis is a systemic, febrile illness and can be associated with chronic debilitating infection of major organ systems that may include bone and the kidney, brain, epididymis, liver, ovary, and gallbladder (7,8,18,27).…”

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Novel Brucella Strain (BO1) Associated with a Prosthetic Breast Implant Infection

Stauffer

Koylass

et al. 2008

J Clin Microbiol

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We report the microbiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization of an unusual Brucella strain (BO1) isolated from a breast implant wound in a 71-year-old woman with clinical symptoms consistent with brucellosis. Initial phenotypic analysis, including biochemical and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, cellular fatty acid analysis, and molecular analysis based on DNA-DNA reassociation and the presence of multiple copies of IS711 element suggested that the isolate was a Brucella-like organism, but species determination using microbiological algorithms was unsuccessful. Furthermore, molecular data based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis demonstrated that BO1 was an unusual Brucella strain and not closely related to any currently described Brucella species. However, comparison with equivalent sequences in Ochrobactrum spp. confirms that the isolate is much more closely related to Brucella than to Ochrobactrum spp., and thus the isolate likely represents an atypical and novel strain within the genus Brucella.Brucellosis is primarily a zoonotic disease caused by members of the genus Brucella, which consists of six recognized species based on pathogenicity and host preferences: Brucella abortus (cattle), Brucella canis (dogs), Brucella melitensis (goats or sheep), Brucella suis (swine), Brucella ovis (rams), and Brucella neotomae (desert rats), as well as recently identified strains from marine mammals (5,10,13,26,34). Early studies on genomic DNA hybridization demonstrate a high degree of homology among the brucellae (40) and thus suggest the genus Brucella as one species, Brucella melitensis with several biovars (14), which has been confirmed by a number of molecular approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing (21), multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (19), and whole-genome sequence analyses (15,24,36). However, because of the lack of widespread support the Brucella Taxonomy Subcommittee has recently returned to the traditional classification of the six Brucella nomenspecies with recognized biovars, along with two presumptive Brucella spp. from marine mammals: B. cetaceae and B. pinnipediae (34). Brucellae are intracellular facultative pathogens that infect many organs and soft tissues, including mammary glands, and frequently result in abortion, low milk production, and fetal death in animals (12,45).Most human disease is caused by B. abortus, B. suis, B. melitensis, and B. canis (13,22,35) and is most frequently associated with the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products or direct contact with infected animals or animal products (38,46). Brucellosis is also an occupational hazard of laboratory scientists infected by the inhalation of aerosols in a microbiology laboratory setting (32, 37). In humans, brucellosis is a systemic, febrile illness and can be associated with chronic debilitating infection of major organ systems that may include bone and the kidney, brain, epididymis, liver, ovary, and gallbladder (7,8,18,27). However, association of Brucella with infection of m...

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“…Fluids and tissues of infected animals are highly infectious. Numerous laboratory-associated infections, including deaths, have been reported (Miller et al, 1987;Pike, 1976). A safety policy memorandum is provided that should be signed by all staff (see Strategic Planning).…”

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confidence: 99%

Hamster Model of Leptospirosis

Haake

2006

CP Microbiology

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This unit describes the techniques involved in the hamster model of leptospirosis. Hamsters are exquisitely susceptible to infection with pathogenic Leptospira species. The LD50 of virulent Leptospiral strains by intraperitoneal inoculation of 3‐ to 4‐week‐old hamsters is as low as a single organism. The pathogenesis of severe leptospirosis in the hamster is a model of accidental infections observed in nature in many mammals, including humans. Animal husbandry issues and the reproducibility of the hamster model make it the animal model of choice for Leptospiral vaccine and antibiotic treatment studies.

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A Twenty-Five Year Review of Laboratory-Acquired Human Infections at the National Animal Disease Center

Cited by 51 publications

References 0 publications

A Literature Review of Laboratory-Acquired Brucellosis

A Literature Review of Laboratory-Acquired Brucellosis

Novel Brucella Strain (BO1) Associated with a Prosthetic Breast Implant Infection

Hamster Model of Leptospirosis

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