A Two-Crystal Spectrometer for X-Rays of Wave-Length 0.030<λ<0.215A

Abstract

A two-crystal x-ray spectrometer for use in the wave-length region 0.030<λ<0.215A is described. Transmission and reflection of the x-rays through the body of the crystal, instead of the usual reflection from the surface, is employed. An ionization chamber containing argon at 80 atmospheres, and an FP-54 electrometer tube system is used to measure the intensity of the reflected radiation. A source of short wave-length x-rays, consisting of two specially designed induction coils and a cascade Coolidge tube, is described. Rocking curves in the (1, −1) position at 50 X.U., the K limits of lead and of uranium, and the Kα and Kβ-lines of tungsten were observed for the purpose of calibrating the spectrometer. The resolving power of the instrument with the present crystals is discussed.

High resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy: the first 85 years

“…Although the first two-crystal instrument that might have been applied to γ-ray spectroscopy was built rather early [ 12 ], such application did not occur until very much later [ 8 ]. A functional diagram of such an instrument is shown in Fig.…”

“…Later there was the large-radius instrument of DuMond in 1947 [ 7 ], and the parallel development continued with the double flat crystal instrument at Chalk River [ 8 ], GAMS2, 3 at the ILL [ 9 ], GAMS4 at the ILL [ 10 ], and finally to GAMS5, as is described elsewhere in these proceedings [ 11 ]. This coarse-grained sampling neglects a number of important antecedents, such as the double flat crystal instrument of Cuykendall and Jones in 1935 [ 12 ], and other high performance bent crystal instruments [ 13 ].…”