A Two-Dimensional Two-Layered Societal Index of Interpersonal Destructiveness: Internal Consistency Analysis

Nahkur, Oliver; Kutsar, Dagmar; Murakas, Rein

doi:10.1007/s11205-016-1378-2

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…For example, during the 1990s, murder rates in Estonia were among the highest in Europe [ 13 ], information concerning violence against women from this period is scarce, but some data suggest that the number of rapes increased [ 16 ]. Although substantial progress has been made since 1991, some historical legacies still are evident in today’s society and the country has high scores in interpersonal violence scale [ 17 ]. For example, every fifth person in Estonia still considers family violence to be a private issue, and victim-blaming attitudes remain common [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The prevalence and patterns of exposure to interpersonal violence among men and women in Estonia

et al. 2020

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Background To understand better the total burden of interpersonal violence on society, it is useful to assess the prevalence of interpersonal violence among both, men and women. Exposure to multiple forms of interpersonal violence, referred to as polyvictimization, has been associated with more severe health consequences than exposure to any form separately. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual interpersonal violence in childhood, adulthood and at both childhood and adulthood among men and women in Estonia, analyze the patterns of interpersonal violence and socio-demographic correlates of polyvictimization in adulthood by gender. Methods The analysis was based on two population-based, cross-sectional, self-administered surveys carried out among men and women in Estonia in 2014. In both surveys, the NorVold Abuse questionnaire was used to measure exposure to interpersonal violence. Men and women aged 18–44 were included to the analysis. Results Among men 66.6% and among women 54.2% had been exposed to at least one form of interpersonal violence during lifetime. Men had been more often exposed to isolated physical interpersonal violence, among women the distribution of different forms of interpersonal violence was more even and exposure to sexual violence was more common. The prevalence of polyvictimization in adulthood was two times higher among women compared to men and more socio-demographic correlates, were associated with it. Exposure to violence in childhood was associated with polyvictimization in adulthood across gender. Conclusions The prevalence of interpersonal violence in Estonia is high among men and women. The most prevalent forms and patterns of interpersonal violence, however, differ by gender, as do the socio-demographic correlates. Screening for interpersonal violence, in childhood and adulthood, and gender-specific interventions are needed, especially for high-risk groups identified in this study. Primary prevention of childhood violence should be a priority, as it was associated with higher risk for exposure to violence later in life across gender.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%