“…Nevertheless, from a practical point of view, second order modeling is still difficult to use and turbulence models based on turbulent viscosity concept, particularly two-equation models, remain widely used in industrial applications. Several two-equation models were developed for turbulent bubbly flows (Lopez de Bertodano et al, 1994;Lee et al, 1989;Morel, 1995;Troshko & Hassan, 2001). All of these models are founded on an extrapolation of single-phase turbulence models by introducing supplementary terms (source terms) in the transport equations of turbulent energy and dissipation rate.…”