A two-factor model of dietary restraint

Abstract

The present study was designed to examine the factorial nature of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-Restraint Scale (TFEQ-R) and to compare the relationship of both the Restraint Scale (RS) and TFEQ-R to current dieting, history of dieting, disinhibition, self-esteem and restrained drinking in 144 females. A principal component analysis identified three interpretable factors: Emotional/Cognitive Concern for Dieting, Calorie Knowledge, Behavioral Dieting Control. Only Emotional/Cognitive Concern for Dieting equated with RS as both measures correlated with self-esteem and restrained drinking. Results are discussed in light of other proposed models of dietary restraint and in relation to two recent factors which have been identified in the drinking literature, Cognitive Emotional Control and Cognitive Behavioral Control.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) in obese men and women. Results from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study

“…10,29 Analysis in the present study also indicated more than one measurement dimension, Behavioral Restraint and Food Awareness. These factors were, however, strongly correlated and items could not be included in separate scale constructs according to multitraitamulti-item analysis criteria.…”

The measurement of dietary restraint, disinhibition and hunger: an examination of the factor structure of the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ)

“…33 This strategy takes account of both the sample size and the number of items being analysed. Again, while this strategy diverges from that used by Ricciardelli and Williams, 25 use of the eigenvalues greater than one rule 34 with the current sample produced more factors than could be realistically interpreted. Finally, items attaining a loading of 0.45 or better on any retained factor were examined to determine their suitability for scale construction (ie, internal reliability) using alpha (a).…”

“…First, a principle component analysis (PC) was conducted in order to replicate Ricciardelli and Williams. 25 Unfortunately, factor solutions obtained using this procedure either did not converge or did not produce interpretable factors. Therefore, principal axis factoring was conducted to screen for redundant items.…”

“…22 ± 24 An alternative two-factor model (cognitive restraint and behavioural restraint) was offered by Allison et al, 19 although this was later rejected on statistical grounds as it was determined that cognitive and behavioural restraint were more probably two poles of a single dimension. 10 Most recently, Ricciardelli and Williams 25 have presented a three-factor model of restraint consisting of emotionala cognitive concern for dieting, behavioural dieting control and calorie knowledge. These three factors all correlated positively with current and past dieting behaviour, although only emotionalacognitive concern was associated with disinhibition.…”

“…In their evaluation of the various alternate factorial models that have been proposed, Ricciardelli and Williams question whether samples of differing composition should give rise to identical factor structures. 25 That is, body image as a hypothetical construct cannot be assumed to be uniform across different subgroups. 26 For example, there can be no a priori expectation that measures developed for a clinical application will be automatically appropriate to a non-clinical, epidemiological application.…”