A Two-Stage Control Strategy of Large-Scale Residential Air Conditionings Considering Comfort Sensitivity of Differentiated Population

Abstract

Residential air conditionings (RACs) can be seen as one of the important flexible demand resources controlled to provide balance services for the power system due to their spatial thermal storage feature. However, such control on RACs will bring out the negative impact on the comfort level of residents inevitably, affecting their proactivity in demand response (DR). So, a novel two-stage control model of large-scale RACs is proposed to participate in DR considering different comfort sensitivity of various residents. The comfort sensitivity index is developed in terms of daily operation time and daily power consumption per area of RACs, classified by K-means clustering. Besides, the DR potential of RACs is established with the adjusted temperature setpoint, where the temperature setpoint is determined by the comfort sensitivity index. Moreover, a two-stage control model of large-scale RACs is proposed comprised of load response and recovery, where the corresponding control strategies at each stage are proposed. Simulations of the proposed method have been performed on residential 20,000 RACs to validate its effectiveness in Changzhou, China. The outcome reveals that the strategies could maximize the DR potential of RACs and ensure the stable recovery of RACs under the premise of meeting the comfort demand of differentiated population.

Community Integrated Energy System Trading: A Comprehensive Review

“…For example, the adjustment of thermostatically controlled appliances may negatively impact thermal comfort [47]. Therefore, a novel two-stage control model for thermostat loads was proposed to participate in the IDR, which considers the different comfort sensitivities of various residents [48]. A comprehensive review of the IDR was conducted in [27].…”

“…On the basis of the enormous amount of research on IDR models for CIESs, it can be determined that the response behaviors of consumers are greatly simplified. For instance, some studies simply constrain the maximum/minimum values of loads to express the response behavior [45], [48]. Furthermore, some studies do not consider the price sensitivity, detailed physical models, or other factors.…”

Optimal Allocation Method of Residential Air-Conditioners: Trade-Off Solutions Between Economic Costs and Aggregation Reliability

“…They starts to service some services, including secondary frequency regulation [4], [5], peak load shaving [6], [7] and capacity reserve [8], [9], to facilitate the grid reliability. The residential air-conditioners' (AC) electricity consumption accounts for 30% to 50% of the total urban [10], [11]. The large capacity and number of owners endue the AC resources' great demand response (DR) potential and significant investment chances.…”

“…In the DR program, intelligent remote control switching (IRCS) and smart thermostat (ST) technologies are common control modes for ACs to provide ancillary services [11]. In addition, some agreed DR events might be implemented through non-intrusive reminders (NIR), i.e., advising users to turn off the ACs or adjust the temperature setpoints by sending text messages or emails [13].…”

“…In addition, some agreed DR events might be implemented through non-intrusive reminders (NIR), i.e., advising users to turn off the ACs or adjust the temperature setpoints by sending text messages or emails [13]. Those control modes will exert different influences on the comfort and information privacy of residents [11], which significantly affects aggregation lowcost and reliability [14], [15]. However, it is not advisable for limited investment funds to allocate the most expensive control modes for all participants to obtain sufficiently high aggregation reliability.…”