A Two-Step Experimental Design for a Sediment Bioassay Using Growth of the Amphipod Hyalella Azteca for the Test End Point

Kubitz, J.; Besser, John M.; Giesy, John P.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<1783:atsedf>2.3.co;2

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The present study demonstrated that the female amphipods were more sensitive than the males in terms of growth and that toxic effects could be neglected if both males and females were not used in the experiment or measured independently. In the natural environment, this delay in growth of female amphipods could consequently impair the reproduction of the population, because organisms need to reach a certain size before reproduction can occur [49] and larger organisms produce larger broods than smaller individuals [50]. A plausible explanation for this observation is the difference in response of female and male amphipods and the fact that they were not measured separately.…”

Section: Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two commonly used fungicides on the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis

Keough

Long

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fungicides are used widely in agriculture and have been detected in adjacent rivers and wetlands. However, relatively little is known about the potential effects of fungicides on aquatic organisms. The present study investigated the effects of 2 commonly used fungicides, the boscalid fungicide Filan and the myclobutanil fungicide Systhane 400 WP, on life history traits (survival, growth, and reproduction) and energy reserves (lipid, protein, and glycogen content) of the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis under laboratory conditions, at concentrations detected in aquatic environments. Amphipods were exposed to 3 concentrations of Filan (1 μg active ingredient [a.i.]/L, 10 μg a.i./L, and 40 μg a.i./L) and Systhane (0.3 μg a.i./L, 3 μg a.i./L, and 30 μg a.i./L) over 56 d. Both fungicides had similar effects on the amphipod at the organism level. Reproduction was the most sensitive endpoint, with offspring produced in controls but none produced in any of the fungicide treatments, and total numbers of gravid females in all fungicide treatments were reduced by up to 95%. Female amphipods were more sensitive than males in terms of growth. Systhane had significant effects on survival at all concentrations, whereas significant effects of Filan on survival were observed only at 10 μg a.i./L and 40 μg a.i./L. The effects of fungicides on energy reserves of the female amphipod were different. Filan significantly reduced amphipod protein content, whereas Systhane significantly reduced the lipid content. The present study demonstrates wide-ranging effects of 2 common fungicides on an ecologically important species that has a key role in trophic transfer and nutrient recycling in aquatic environments. These results emphasize the importance of considering the long-term effects of fungicides in the risk assessment of aquatic ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:720-726. © 2016 SETAC.

show abstract

Section: Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of two commonly used fungicides on the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis

Keough

Long

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Kubitz et al [19] recommended a two-step process for assessing growth in sediment tests with H. azteca. A limited number of replicates are tested in a screening step and samples identified as possibly toxic are then tested in a confirmatory step with additional replicates.…”

Section: Relationship Between Growth and Reproduction Endpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other investigators have reported measurement of growth in tests with H. azteca often provides unique information that can help to discriminate toxic effects of exposure to contaminants in sediment [19,47,52] or water [53][54][55]. Similarly, in sediment tests with the midge C. tentans, sublethal endpoints are often more sensitive than survival as indicators of contaminant stress [9,10,56].…”

Section: Relative Endpoint Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of Sublethal Endpoints in Sediment Toxicity Tests With the Amphipod Hyalella Azteca

Ingersoll¹,

Brunson²,

Dwyer³

et al. 1998

Environ Toxicol Chem

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Short-term sediment toxicity tests that only measure effects on survival can be used to identify high levels of contamination but may not be able to identify marginally contaminated sediments. The objective of the present study was to develop a method for determining the potential sublethal effects of contaminants associated with sediment on the amphipod Hyalella azteca (e.g., reproduction). Exposures to sediment were started with 7-to 8-d-old amphipods. On day 28, amphipods were isolated from the sediment and placed in water-only chambers where reproduction was measured on day 35 and 42. Typically, amphipods were first in amplexus at about day 21 to 28 with release of the first brood between day 28 to 42. Endpoints measured included survival (day 28, 35, and 42), growth (as length and weight on day 28 and 42), and reproduction (number of young/female produced from day 28 to 42). This method was used to evaluate a formulated sediment and field-collected sediments with low to moderate concentrations of contaminants. Survival of amphipods in these sediments was typically Ͼ85% after the 28-d sediment exposures and the 14-d holding period in water to measure reproduction. Reproduction was more variable than growth; hence, more replicates might be needed to establish statistical differences among treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated that growth of H. azteca in sediment tests often provides unique information that can be used to discriminate toxic effects of exposure to contaminants. Either length or weight can be measured in sediment tests with H. azteca. However, additional statistical options are available if length is measured on individual amphipods, such as nested analysis of variance that can account for variance in length within replicates. Ongoing water-only studies testing select contaminants will provide additional data on the relative sensitivity and variability of sublethal endpoints in toxicity tests with H. azteca.

show abstract

“…Other investigators have reported measurement of growth in tests with H. azteca often provides unique information that can help to discriminate toxic effects of exposure to contaminants in sediment [19,47,52] or water [53–55]. Similarly, in sediment tests with the midge C. tentans , sublethal endpoints are often more sensitive than survival as indicators of contaminant stress [9,10,56].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of sublethal endpoints in sediment toxicity tests with the amphipodHyalella azteca

Ingersoll

Brunson

Dwyer

et al. 1998

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Short‐term sediment toxicity tests that only measure effects on survival can be used to identify high levels of contamination but may not be able to identify marginally contaminated sediments. The objective of the present study was to develop a method for determining the potential sublethal effects of contaminants associated with sediment on the amphipod Hyalella azteca (e.g., reproduction). Exposures to sediment were started with 7‐ to 8‐d‐old amphipods. On day 28, amphipods were isolated from the sediment and placed in water‐only chambers where reproduction was measured on day 35 and 42. Typically, amphipods were first in amplexus at about day 21 to 28 with release of the first brood between day 28 to 42. Endpoints measured included survival (day 28, 35, and 42), growth (as length and weight on day 28 and 42), and reproduction (number of young/female produced from day 28 to 42). This method was used to evaluate a formulated sediment and field‐collected sediments with low to moderate concentrations of contaminants. Survival of amphipods in these sediments was typically >85% after the 28‐d sediment exposures and the 14‐d holding period in water to measure reproduction. Reproduction was more variable than growth; hence, more replicates might be needed to establish statistical differences among treatments. Previous studies have demonstrated that growth of H. azteca in sediment tests often provides unique information that can be used to discriminate toxic effects of exposure to contaminants. Either length or weight can be measured in sediment tests with H. azteca. However, additional statistical options are available if length is measured on individual amphipods, such as nested analysis of variance that can account for variance in length within replicates. Ongoing water‐only studies testing select contaminants will provide additional data on the relative sensitivity and variability of sublethal endpoints in toxicity tests with H. azteca.

show abstract

A Two-Step Experimental Design for a Sediment Bioassay Using Growth of the Amphipod Hyalella Azteca for the Test End Point

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Effects of two commonly used fungicides on the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis

Effects of two commonly used fungicides on the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis

Use of Sublethal Endpoints in Sediment Toxicity Tests With the Amphipod Hyalella Azteca

Use of sublethal endpoints in sediment toxicity tests with the amphipodHyalella azteca

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About