A two-step zircon decomposition method to produce zirconium oxychloride: alkali fusion and water leaching

Song, Jing; Fan, Jing-Fei; Liu, Jing-Chong; Liu, Ran; Qu, Jingkui; Qi, Tao

doi:10.1007/s12598-015-0537-y

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The minerals are known to decompose with good recovery only at 550°C and above (Beyer et al, 1954;da Silva et al, 2012). Biswas et al (2010), Van Tuyen et al (2007, and Song et al (2015) mentioned that the optimized alkaline fusion zircon conditions are 700°C, which was further confirmed by the XRD pattern of the three samples (Figure 8). During the alkaline fusion process, monazite and xenotime decomposed into REEs-hydroxide, followed by further dissolution into REEs2-(SO4)3 at the leaching phase.…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs) from Indonesian Zircon Tailing

Trisnawati¹,

Prameswara²,

Mulyono³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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Solid pollution has been an issue in mineral processing for decade. One of these pollutants is zircon sand mining waste (zircon tailing). Due to the concentration of rare earth minerals in zircon tailing and the increasing demand of REE in advanced technologies, studying zircon tailing as a potential source of REE had become an interest for us. Our experiments consisted of mineral characterization and an alkaline fusion process, followed by a leaching process. The characterization process was carried out to obtain actual information from zircon tailing samples. This process showed total rare earth elements (REEs) content of 58.62%, at 9%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.7%, and 1.5% for Y, Gd, Er, Dy, and Yb, respectively. A sieving process was carried out since it was known that most heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) content occurs at a larger size. The alkaline fusion process was applied with an intent to break the phosphate bonds present in the REE-carrying minerals (xenotime and monazite) and convert phosphate bonds to hydroxide bonds in rare earth metals. During the alkaline fusion process, as much as 75%, 66.45%, and 60% of the phosphate, silica, and zirconium, respectively, were reduced. The leaching process was carried out in a flatbottom three-neck flask. The optimum point of leaching experiments occurs at 0.5 M H2SO4, 60°C, and a solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio of 10 g/100 mL. In these conditions, as much as 89%, 99%, 94%, 92%, and 90% of Y, Gd, Er, Dy, and Yb, respectively, were recovered as an HREEs2-(SO4)3 product solution.

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Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 80%

Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs) from Indonesian Zircon Tailing

Trisnawati¹,

Prameswara²,

Mulyono³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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“…The alkali-silica reaction is well known to break the Si–O bonds and convert them to soluble phases, the dissolution of which increases with the rise of alkalinity and temperature . This reaction has motivated some researchers to extract the elements from silicate minerals through autoclaving or roasting with alkali salts (e.g., refs , , ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Extraction of Lithium from α-Spodumene by Salt Roasting–Leaching Process

Han

Sagzhanov

Pan

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In recent years, several methods have been reported to extract lithium (Li) from spodumene. However, the majority of them still require the transformation of the naturally occurring spodumene phase (α) to the more reactive crystalline phase (β) by calcination at 1100 °C. To address the economic drawbacks and high greenhouse gas emission of this phase transformation, this study aimed to directly extract Li from α-spodumene. Nine reagents of alkali metals (Group IA), alkaline earth metals (Group IIA), and ammonium (NH4 +) salts were examined for roasting and phase transformation of α-spodumene to water- or acid-soluble phases. For this purpose, sequential roasting, water leaching, and acid leaching were performed. The leaching recovery results showed that the order of roasting efficacy of the three reagent categories is Group IA > Group IIA > > NH4 +. 71 and 88% of water leaching and total leaching recovery values, correspondingly, were achieved by the NaOH roasting–water leaching–acid leaching process, under the nonoptimized conditions of a roasting temperature of 320 °C, an NaOH: spodumene ratio of 1.5:1, and a roasting time of 2 h. Thermodynamics analysis by FactSage demonstrated that α-spodumene was decomposed to Na2SiO3, Na4SiO4, NaAlO2, and Li3NaSiO4 by NaOH and to NaAlSiO4, Na2SiO3, and Li3NaSiO4 by Na2CO3. Eh-pH diagrams calculated by HSC Chemistry revealed that despite the low solubility of lithium silicates in water, they dissolve at high pH (>12.5), explaining the high water leaching recovery of Li. In future studies, the optimization of the process parameters will be conducted to maximize the Li recovery in water leaching, while recovering other valuable elements as byproducts.

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“…However, the decreasing the mass ratio to 1/2.5 showed very a slight increase in the dissolution efficiencies for both of Zr and U. This may be attributed to the insufficient temperature for breaking down of zircon mineral (Song et al, 2020).…”

Section: Effect Of Zircon Concentrate /Naoh Mass Ratios (W/w)mentioning

confidence: 92%

Physical and chemical processes of Abu Rusheid cataclastic rocks for recovering niobium, zirconium, and uranium compounds

Abdellah¹,

Khalafalla²,

Khoziem³

et al. 2021

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Cataclastic rocks of Abu Rushied area (South Eastern Desert, Egypt) characterized by the presence of niobium, tantalum, zirconium minerals as well as uranium-thorium minerals. Physical upgrading process was applied using gravity and magnetic separation techniques to concentrate these economic minerals mainly to obtain the magnetic niobium concentrate at 0.2-0.5 ampere, beside the non-magnetic Zr and U at 1.5 ampere. The chemical processing upon niobium concentrate was performed using NH4F roasting process at 250ºC followed by selective precipitation of Nb as Nb-sulfide. An alkaline fusion using NaOH was applied upon zirconium concentrate at the optimum conditions of: zircon concentrate/ NaOH mass ratio 1/2, fusion temperature of 650ºC and 2.5h fusion time followed by selective precipitation of Zr as Zr-tartrate. Finally, two flowsheets were drawn summarizing the whole recovery processes.

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A two-step zircon decomposition method to produce zirconium oxychloride: alkali fusion and water leaching

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs) from Indonesian Zircon Tailing

Sulfuric Acid Leaching of Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs) from Indonesian Zircon Tailing

Direct Extraction of Lithium from α-Spodumene by Salt Roasting–Leaching Process

Physical and chemical processes of Abu Rusheid cataclastic rocks for recovering niobium, zirconium, and uranium compounds

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