A two-year follow-up study of salivary cortisol concentration and the risk of depression

Grynderup, Matias Brødsgaard; Kolstad, Henrik A; Mikkelsen, Sigurd; Andersen, Johan Hviid; Bonde, Jens Peter; Buttenschøn, Henriette Nørmølle; Kærgaard, Anette; Kærlev, Linda; Rugulies, Reiner; Thomsen, Jane Frølund; Vammen, Marianne Agergaard; Mors, Ole; Hansen, Åse Marie

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.03.013

Cited by 39 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Over 2 years, each 1.0 nmol/L increase in daily mean cortisol concentration was associated with a 47% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32–0.90) reduction in depression risk, while each 1.0 nmol/L difference in morning and evening salivary cortisol concentration was associated with a 36% lower risk of depression (95% CI: 0.45–0.90). These data suggested that a steeper cortisol slope over the day was protective for incident depression . To confirm these findings, the same research group conducted a population‐based study of the association of depressive symptoms or diagnosed depression and the diurnal cortisol curve among 3536 public‐sector employees aged 19–66 years.…”

Section: Diurnal Cortisol Curve and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cortisol dysregulation: the bidirectional link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Joseph

Golden

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

435

255

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Controversy exists over the role of stress and depression in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Depression has been shown to increase the risk for progressive insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in multiple studies, whereas the association of stress with diabetes is less clear, owing to differences in study designs and in forms and ascertainment of stress. The biological systems involved in adaptation that mediate the link between stress and physiological functions include the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the autonomic nervous and immune systems. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is a tightly regulated system that represents one of the body’s mechanisms for responding to acute and chronic stress. Depression is associated with cross-sectional and longitudinal alterations in the diurnal cortisol curve, including a blunted cortisol awakening response and flattening of the diurnal cortisol curve. Flattening of the diurnal cortisol curve is also associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this article, we review and summarize the evidence supporting hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysregulation as an important biological link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Section: Diurnal Cortisol Curve and Depressionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Cortisol dysregulation: the bidirectional link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Joseph

Golden

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

435

255

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In response to stressors, the pituitary gland sends a signal to the adrenal glands to release cortisol into the bloodstream. Dysregulated cortisol patterns have been linked to a variety of health outcomes (Miller, Chen, & Zhou, 2007; Phillips, Ginty, & Hughes, 2013), including depression (e.g., Grynderup et al, 2013), breast cancer severity (e.g., Abercrombie et al, 2004), inflammation (e.g., DeSantis et al, 2012), wound healing (e.g., Gouin, Kiecolt-Glaser, Malarkey, & Glaser, 2008), and cardiovascular risk (e.g., Roy, Kirschbaum, & Steptoe, 2001). …”

Section: Relevance Of Examining Couples’ Cortisol Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal changes in spouses’ HPA responses: Convergence in cortisol patterns during the early years of marriage.

Laws¹,

Sayer²,

Pietromonaco³

et al. 2015

Health Psychology

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Objective Drawing on theories of bidirectional influence between relationship partners (Butler, 2011; Diamond & Aspinwall, 2003), the authors applied dyadic analytic methods to test convergence in cortisol patterns over time in newlywed couples. Methods Previous studies of bidirectional influence in couples’ cortisol levels (Liu, Rovine, Klein, & Almeida, 2013, Papp, Pendry, Simon, & Adam, 2013; Saxbe & Repetti, 2010) found significant covariation in couples’ daily cortisol levels over several days, but no studies have tested whether cortisol response similarity increases over time using a longitudinal design. In the present study, 183 opposite-sex couples (366 participants) engaged in a conflict discussion in a laboratory visit about 6 months after their marriage, and again about 2 years into the marriage. At each visit, spouses provided saliva samples that indexed cortisol levels before, during, and after the discussion. This multi-measure procedure enabled modeling of spouses’ cortisol trajectories around the conflict discussion. Results Findings showed significant convergence in couples’ cortisol trajectories across the early years of marriage; couples showed significantly greater similarity in cortisol trajectories around the conflict discussion as their relationship matured. Cohabitation length predicted stronger convergence in cortisol slopes prior to the conflict discussion. Couples’ relationship dissatisfaction was associated with a greater degree of convergence in spouses’ acute cortisol levels during the conflict discussion. Conclusions Findings suggest that spouses increasingly shape each other’s cortisol responses as their relationship matures. Findings also indicated that increased similarity in acute cortisol levels during conflict may be associated with poorer relationship functioning.

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“…In cross sectional data depression has also been associated to a blunted cortisol response (Huber et al, 2006;Stetler and Miller, 2005). Recently, it was demonstrated in a longitudinal study that low mean cortisol level and a flat morning to evening slope predicted clinical depression, while morning or evening cortisol levels did not predict depression (Grynderup et al, 2013). In another longitudinal study a low CAR was associated with an increased risk of an unfavorable, chronic course trajectory of depression and or anxiety disorders over 2-years (Vreeburg et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal cortisol rhythm: Associated with anxiety and depression, or just an indication of lack of energy?

Harris

Rème

Tangen

et al. 2015

Psychiatry Research

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A two-year follow-up study of salivary cortisol concentration and the risk of depression

Cited by 39 publications

References 38 publications

Cortisol dysregulation: the bidirectional link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cortisol dysregulation: the bidirectional link between stress, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Longitudinal changes in spouses’ HPA responses: Convergence in cortisol patterns during the early years of marriage.

Diurnal cortisol rhythm: Associated with anxiety and depression, or just an indication of lack of energy?

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