“…There exist three sink mobility patterns [ 9 ]: (1) random mobility where the sink roams in the sensing field randomly [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]; (2) path-controllable mobility where the trajectory and the sink speed can be controlled to improve the network performance [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]; (3) path-fixed mobility where the sink moves on a fixed path and under strict constraint its motion parameters such as the speed and pause time are also uncontrollable [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”