A typological approach to studying policing

Simpson, R. H.; Hipp, John R.

doi:10.1080/10439463.2017.1394299

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Indeed, although experimental criminologists have documented the spatial diffusion of crime control benefits as an outcome of certain police practices (Telep et al 2014), only a few studies have assessed whether the practices themselves are spatially dependent or spill over to nearby agencies. Simpson and Hipp (2019:718) found evidence for “a contagious effect” of police departments policies of southern California. Departments in that region varied together in their adoption of community policing, technology, and other organizational characteristics in 1993 but converged on similar policies by 2000, only to diverge again after that (Simpson and Hipp 2019).…”

Section: The Spatial Component Of Mimetic Isomorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simpson and Hipp (2019:718) found evidence for “a contagious effect” of police departments policies of southern California. Departments in that region varied together in their adoption of community policing, technology, and other organizational characteristics in 1993 but converged on similar policies by 2000, only to diverge again after that (Simpson and Hipp 2019).…”

Section: The Spatial Component Of Mimetic Isomorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proximity and Police Departments: Spatial Dynamics of the Misdemeanor Arrest Decline

Beck

Holder

2022

Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World

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What makes police departments change their practices? Do they transform in isolation, or do they mimic their neighbors? Combining insights from organizational theory and urban sociology, the authors argue that organizational change diffuses, in part, through physically proximate institutions. They apply this theory to an underexamined trend: the decline of misdemeanor arrests in the United States between 1990 and 2018. The study first explores the spatial dynamics of low-level law enforcement by graphing and mapping trends across a range of metropolitan types, finding that suburbs made the fewest low-level arrests and central cities reduced their arrests the most during these years. A spatial autoregressive panel data model reveals that police departments decreased their misdemeanor arrests more when nearby departments did so, net of crime rates and other controls, evincing spatial mimicry. Police reform efforts need not target only state and federal governments but can diffuse outward from city-level changes.

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Section: The Spatial Component Of Mimetic Isomorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Spatial Component Of Mimetic Isomorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximity and Police Departments: Spatial Dynamics of the Misdemeanor Arrest Decline

Beck

Holder

2022

Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World

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“…And recent research provides at least some evidence to substantiate the presence of such changes. For example, Simpson and Hipp (2019) found that police agencies exhibit variation in their organizational structures and philosophies, and such variation ebbs and flows over time and space: whereas some agencies now exhibit much diversity in their sworn membership, other agencies exhibit very little, and such patterns in diversity systematically vary along other dimensions, like community policing orientation and militarization.…”

Section: Overview Of the Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police spokespersons: A question of organizational representation

Simpson

Wetherell

2020

International Journal of Police Science & Management

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Police spokespersons exist at the core of organizational representation: they are selected to represent their agencies at all levels of engagement on all public platforms. Given their repeated exposure via traditional and electronic media, perceptions of spokesperson characteristics may impact perceptions of police and police organizations more broadly. Using online search queries of publicly available sources, we collected data for 612 spokespersons from 514 municipal police agencies across the United States. Our analyses reveal that spokespersons are overwhelmingly sworn, White men who are middle-aged and mid-rank. Our analyses also reveal some bivariate relationships between spokesperson characteristics (e.g., gender and employment status) and some variation among characteristics across states (e.g., Texas versus Ohio). By identifying and describing spokesperson characteristics at both national and state levels, we extend historical research regarding police spokespersons, contribute to the scholarly understanding of police representation practices, and theorize the relationships between spokespersons, organizations, and contemporary policing issues.

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“…In recent years, numerous studies on this subject have been developed both to understand the underlying causes of criminal incidence and its variations (Sherman et al, 1989; Weisburd and Eck, 2004; Agnew, 2016; Weisburd, 2018; Simpson and Hipp, 2019; Lau and Ali, 2019; Basilio et al, 2019) and to identify practices and strategies for reducing crime. There is an on-going discussion on the effectiveness of preventive and repressive strategies adopted by states in controlling crime (Sherman et al, 1998; Braga, 2001; Malko and Nyrkov, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational research applied in the field of public security

Basílio

Pereira

2020

JM2

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Purpose Because that the crime in a wide way impacts the life of the people in the big metropolis, researchers have treated the question from several angles. The purpose of the paper, under the umbrella of operational research, is to develop a model of the ordering of police strategies, in the fight against crime in general, according to a certain criminal demand. Design/methodology/approach For the construction of the impact matrix of the strategies under the reduction of crime rates, considering a portfolio of crimes, a questionnaire applied to specialists was used. In a second moment, defined the criteria and strategies to be ordered, the multicriteria ELECTRE IV method was used, which with the help of the J-Electre software emulated the systematized data in the impact matrix and produced the final ordering of the most efficient strategies, in the fight against crime, in the perception of decision-makers. Findings As a result, the research revealed that policing strategies directed at solving specific crimes are the most effective in the perception of decision-makers after the emulation of data with the ELECTRE IV method. Research limitations/implications As research implications, it can be inferred that the use of multicriteria methods in the modeling of problems in the area of public security can contribute to rationalization of the use of the means available in the fight against crime in large cities. The research showed that it is possible to use customized policing strategies to a certain reality. Practical implications The method presented in this research is directly related to the major strategies: problem-oriented policing and hot spot policing. This method allows public safety managers to consider the possibility of combining different law enforcement strategies in each context. In this sense, the use of the multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) (ELECTRE IV) method allows the evaluation of a large set of alternatives according to a set of established criteria, speeding up the process and reducing subjectivity, allowing the manager to analyze several scenarios with greater clarity and impartiality and choosing an alternative that best solves the proposed problem. The expected result is the rationalization of the available means applied in the search for the reduction of crime rates. Social implications The customization of policing strategies, according to criminal demands, implies the efficient way to reduce criminal charges. Reducing criminal rates enables the development of the local economy, tourism and the quality of life of people by exercising their freedom to the full. Originality/value The originality lies in filling a gap in the literature with the elaboration of the impact matrix of policing strategies in reducing criminal indices, and in their associated use in ordering strategies through a multicriteria method.

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A typological approach to studying policing

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Proximity and Police Departments: Spatial Dynamics of the Misdemeanor Arrest Decline

Proximity and Police Departments: Spatial Dynamics of the Misdemeanor Arrest Decline

Police spokespersons: A question of organizational representation

Operational research applied in the field of public security

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