A Typological Study of the Recent Development and Landscape of Foundations in China

Wang, Qun

doi:10.1007/s41111-018-0094-2

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The seven groups include government‐created, corporate, independent, school, family, religious, and community foundations. The third was Wang's (2018b) analysis of 4229 foundations' link with the state by 2014. Using founders, addresses, and similarities as evidence, Wang distinguished between foundations linked to the state and foundations not linked to the state.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multilevel political connections and nonprofit revenues under authoritarianism: Evidence from Chinese foundations

Wang

2021

Governance

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Under authoritarianism, nonprofits establish formal political connections at the organizational level when they are affiliated with the state or at the individual level when they have government officials assume managerial positions. From the perspective of multilevel interorganizational relations, this article uses a sample of Chinese foundations to investigate the association of the two levels of political connections and their interactions with a wide range of nonprofit revenues. The results report no positive relationship between individual political connections and nonprofit revenues and quite limited evidence that above relationship is positively moderated by organizational political connections. At the organizational level, politically connected foundations may receive more government grants and domestic and overseas donations than civic foundations, depending on which type of agencies they are affiliated with-government or quasi-government. The results imply authoritarian states may shift toward institutionalized measures to manage nonprofits and reduce the involvement of government officials to ensure policy consolidation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 2 The RICF is accessible at https://github.com/ma-ji/RICF; Wang (2018a) at https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1007/s41111-018-0094-2/MediaObjects/41111_2018_94_MOESM1_ESM.xlsx; Wang (2018b) at https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35141.55525 …”

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confidence: 99%

Multilevel political connections and nonprofit revenues under authoritarianism: Evidence from Chinese foundations

Wang

2021

Governance

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“…The top ten NPFFs in the 2018 period were the Tencent Philanthropic Foundation, Guangdong He Foundation, Tsinghua University Education Foundation, Beijing Jingdong Philanthropic Foundation, Ningxia Yanbao Philanthropic Foundation, Fanhai Philanthropic Foundation, Ai You Foundation, Laoniu Foundation, Zhejiang Mayun Philanthropic Foundation, and Heren Charity Foundation. One-third of these NPFFs are university foundations that raise funds and operate projects but do not interact with grassroots NGOs (Q. Wang, 2018).…”

Section: Developmental Patterns Between 2008 and 2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Historical Institutionalism Perspective to Examine Chinese Foundations’ Development Characteristics From the 1980s to 2017

2022

Sage Open

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This paper adopted a historical institutionalist framework to identify the major developmental stages of Chinese foundations that were established from the 1980s onward and examined their emergence and evolution. By examining primary and secondary data, and conducing statistical analysis results, this study demonstrates Chinese foundations’ developmental characteristics from 2008 to 2017. The emergence of public fundraising foundations (PFFs) has followed in the wake of the developmental path of such foundations; the government’s intention has been to use them to supplement the functions of administrative departments. Subsequent developments demonstrate that there was a stronger relationship between the working model of each PFF and the developmental direction of the entire foundation in relationship to previous developments regarding the state. Such foundations have increased rapidly since 2004, and interactions of foundations with grassroots NGOs started in 2008. However, later interactions with grassroots NGOs did not have a transformative effect on the operation of these foundations. This study’s findings reveal that, in China, government-affiliated foundations formulated their own approaches for fundraising and for creating and using operating models; furthermore, right from the early stages, Chinese foundations excluded grassroots NGOs from their operating mechanisms.

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“…The government also transfers functions that are politically sensitive to GONGOs, such as those pertaining to human rights, policy advocacy, and social stability (J. Ma & DeDeo, 2018, p. 4 Given the historical and cultural context, it is not surprising that the government is a major influencer of nonprofits' growth in China (Lu & Dong, 2018;Q. Wang, 2018b).…”

Section: Considering Research Context: Nonprofit Foundations In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the historical and cultural context, it is not surprising that the government is a major influencer of nonprofits' growth in China (Lu & Dong, 2018; Q. Wang, 2018b). In general, having connections with government can positively affect a nonprofit's performance because of the endorsing effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Funding nonprofits in a networked society: Toward a network framework of government support

2020

Nonprofit Mgmnt & Ldrshp

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This study considers the effects of government funding to nonprofits from a network perspective. By analyzing a novel, 12-year panel dataset from the People's Republic of China, I find no evidence that government funding to a nonprofit crowds out private donations to the same organization. However, I find a substantial crosswise crowding-in effect at the ego network level: an increase of one Chinese Yuan in government funding to a nonprofit's neighbor organizations in board interlocking network can increase the private giving to the nonprofit by 0.4 Chinese Yuan. A nonprofit's network position measured by Katz centrality negatively associates with its private giving. The results suggest that, if we consider the funding system from a holistic network perspective, government should support nonprofits with confidence because of the spillover effect. Moreover, a nascent nonprofit cannot increase donor's confidence by only borrowing board members from renowned organizations.

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A Typological Study of the Recent Development and Landscape of Foundations in China

Cited by 13 publications

References 36 publications

Multilevel political connections and nonprofit revenues under authoritarianism: Evidence from Chinese foundations

Multilevel political connections and nonprofit revenues under authoritarianism: Evidence from Chinese foundations

Using a Historical Institutionalism Perspective to Examine Chinese Foundations’ Development Characteristics From the 1980s to 2017

Funding nonprofits in a networked society: Toward a network framework of government support

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