A Typology of Indices for Drought Assessment.

Abstract

Drought is one of the most disastrous and costly natural hazards determined by a deficit of precipitation in a particular area. It causes large economic losses and affects access to water in various parts of the planet. Water scarcity impacts natural ecosystems and human activities dependent on water resources, especially crop production. Monitoring drought is therefore crucial to the evaluation of its impacts and to address the issue in a timely manner, in order to develop and implement mitigation measures. Various methodologies have been advanced to quantify essential drought characteristics, such as time of onset and ending, duration and intensity. The objective of this paper is to review the existing indices used for drought identification and assessment and to propose an index typology. The study employs bibliographical research, synthesis and classification of indices by data source input and their aims. The results provide a brief overview of the drought indices based on measured or modelled data (meteorological, hydrologic or agricultural approaches), remote sensing data (hydrometeorological or ecological approaches) and multivariate or composite indices.

Temporal analysis of rainfall and drought characteristics over Jalore District of S-W Rajasthan

“…SPI has achieved worldwide applicability due to its predictive accuracy and inherent probabilistic nature. The ability to explain both short-term and long-term effects of drought on different time scales and to compare drought conditions between regions with different climatic conditions and different time periods (Chelu 2019). It was developed to evaluate the parameters of drought over several timescales, reflecting the effect of drought on the accessibility of water resources.…”

“…There are several indices used to classify the droughts (Chelu 2019). Different indices used different parameters for drought analysis.…”

Resveratrol Directly Controls the Activity of Neuronal Ryanodine Receptors at the Single-Channel Level

“…The termination of such intracellular Ca 2+ transients and restoration of resting cytoplasmic Ca 2+ concentrations is accomplished by the activity of transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane (plasma membrane Ca 2+ ATPase, PMCA; Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, NCX), the ER membrane (Sarco-/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase, SERCA), and the mitochondrial inner membrane (mitochondrial calcium uniporter, MCU) (21)(22). Additionally, Ca 2+ sequestration by Ca 2+ -binding proteins and Ca 2+ buffering molecules contributes to restoring resting cytoplasmic Ca 2+ concentrations (17)(18)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Ryanodine receptors (RyR) and inositol-1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP 3 R), ER transmembrane proteins, are clustered in micro-domains and respond to and amplify VOCC/ROCC/SOCC-mediated Ca 2+ entry, thereby mediating CICR (30)(31).…”