2000
DOI: 10.1038/35044114
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A ubiquitin-like system mediates protein lipidation

Abstract: Autophagy is a dynamic membrane phenomenon for bulk protein degradation in the lysosome/vacuole. Apg8/Aut7 is an essential factor for autophagy in yeast. We previously found that the carboxy-terminal arginine of nascent Apg8 is removed by Apg4/Aut2 protease, leaving a glycine residue at the C terminus. Apg8 is then converted to a form (Apg8-X) that is tightly bound to the membrane. Here we report a new mode of protein lipidation. Apg8 is covalently conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine through an amide bond b… Show more

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Cited by 1,855 publications
(1,647 citation statements)
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References 26 publications
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“…Both Beclin-1 and ATG7 are genes essential for the induction of autophagy (Ichimura et al, 2000;Tassa et al, 2003). Reduction of Beclin-1 protein levels was confirmed by western blot analysis and reduction of ATG7 mRNA levels was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (Figures 5b and c).…”
Section: Six Transmembrane Domains Of Lmp1 Induce Autophagy Dy Lee Anmentioning
confidence: 70%
“…Both Beclin-1 and ATG7 are genes essential for the induction of autophagy (Ichimura et al, 2000;Tassa et al, 2003). Reduction of Beclin-1 protein levels was confirmed by western blot analysis and reduction of ATG7 mRNA levels was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (Figures 5b and c).…”
Section: Six Transmembrane Domains Of Lmp1 Induce Autophagy Dy Lee Anmentioning
confidence: 70%
“…Cleavage of LC3 at the carboxy terminus immediately following synthesis yields the cytosolic LC3‐I form. During autophagy, LC3‐I is converted to LC3‐II through lipidation (the covalent binding of a lipid group to a peptide chain) by an ubiquitin‐like system involving Atg7 and Atg3 that allows LC3 to become associated with autophagic vesicles 12. The ratio of LC3‐II/LC3‐I has been used as an indicator of autophagy 13.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Atg8 and Atg12 are both activated for conjugation by Atg7, an E1-like enzyme of the ubiquitin system. 18,19 Atg9 is the only currently characterized transmembrane protein involved in the formation of double-membrane vesicles, and is thought to mark membranes to be donated to the PAS. 20 Atg1 regulates the shuttling of Atg9 between the PAS and a peripheral pool and in this way is thought to control retrieval of Atg9 and the associated membrane 20 (Figure 2).…”
Section: Macroautophagy In Yeast Is a Multistep Process That Is Regulmentioning
confidence: 99%