A Unified Control Platform and Architecture for the Integration of Wind-Hydrogen Systems Into the Grid

Abstract

Hydrogen is a promising energy vector for achieving renewable integration into the grid, thus fostering the decarbonization of the energy sector. This paper presents the control platform architecture of a real hydrogen-based energy production, storage, and re-electrification system (HESS) paired to a wind farm located in north Norway and connected to the main grid. The HESS consists of an electrolyser, a hydrogen tank, and a fuel cell. The control platform includes the management software, the control algorithms, and the automation technologies operating the HESS in order to address the three use cases (electricity storage, mini-grid, and fuel production) identified in the IEA-HIA Task24 final report, that promote the integration of wind energy into the main grid. The control algorithms have been already developed by the same authors in other papers using mixed-logical dynamical modeling, and implemented via a two-layer model predictive control scheme for each use case, and are quickly introduced in order to make evident their integration into the presented architecture. Simulation test runs with real equipment data, wind generation, load profiles, and market prices are also reported so as to highlight the control platform performances.Note to Practitioners-The paper develops the integration between the management platform of a HESS, paired to a real wind farm in northern Norway, and the control algorithms aimed at scheduling hydrogen production and re-electrification on the basis of several forecast streams about exogenous conditions and different possible operating modes of the wind-hydrogen system.

Optimal technoeconomic reliability‐oriented design of islanded multicarrier microgrids with electrical and hydrogen energy storage systems considering emission concerns

“…The datadriven energy management system was reported in Wen and Aziz 42 for the flexible operation of energy hubs and MCMGs, while hydrogen ammonia technologies were studied. Abdelghany et al 43,44 reported a new strategy according to the hierarchical rolling horizon control and model predictive control (MPC) to efficiently manage an HSS-based MG. Abdelghany et al 45 reported the control platform architecture of a real HSS-based energy system paired with WTs located in north Norway.…”

A Coordinated Multitimescale Model Predictive Control for Output Power Smoothing in Hybrid Microgrid Incorporating Hydrogen Energy Storage

“…While these models exhibit a lower number of logical variables, they fail to capture crucial aspects such as device degradation. Moreover, other models in the literature, such as those in [54], [55], and [56], introduce two virtual states to represent the waiting actions, thus resulting in five-state automata. These models are characterized by a larger number of logical variables and inequalities: 5 state variables instead of 3, 20 transition variables instead of 6, and 115 linear inequalities instead of 40.…”

Stability and Reactive Power Sharing Enhancement in Islanded Microgrid via Small-Signal Modeling and Optimal Virtual Impedance Control

“…To ensure highquality current in MG, it is crucial to design the LCL flter properly [9]. Te integration of wind-hydrogen systems into MGs is addressed in [10], with the emphasis placed on how energy fow management is conducted by advanced control strategies. Wind-hydrogen systems utilize excess wind power to electrolyze water, producing hydrogen for energy storage and use during periods of low wind availability [11].…”