A Unified Current Loop Tuning Approach for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters

Zhang, Weiyi; Rodríguez, Daniel Remón; Cantarellas, Antonio Mir; Cortés, Pedro Rodríguez

doi:10.3390/en9090723

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In contrast, the second loop controls the active and reactive currents in the d-q synchronous reference frame aligned to the grid voltage and current vectors [38]. A phase-locked loop (PLL) algorithm is used to determine the phase angle of grid voltage in order to synchronise the delivered energy [39][40][41][42]. The inverter control circuit generates the IGBTs' gate signals using a triangular carrier signal with a space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) technique.…”

Section: Pv Farmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Lightning-Induced Transient Effects on a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Wind System Based on Lightning Protection Standards

et al. 2023

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Installing surge protection devices in a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)–wind system is essential to guarantee the survival of the system’s components. If the surge arresters are connected without taking into account the recommendations given by standards, the equipment to be protected might be damaged despite the energy coordination of the arresters. In this study, nonlinear surge protective devices (SPDs) are designed for a multi-MW hybrid system based on lightning protection standards with optimised threat level ratings to investigate the mitigation of lightning transients to an acceptable level. The system is implemented using Power System Computer-Aided Design for Electromagnetic Transients including Direct Current (PSCAD/EMTDC) software. It comprises a 2 MW PV farm, a 2 MW wind farm, and a backup energy storage system (ESS), which are all connected to a 132 kV grid via a step-up transformer and a transmission line. The results were obtained at critical system nodes for two standard lightning current surges, i.e., 1/10 µs and 10/350 µs, considering two lightning strike point scenarios with and without a lightning protection system (LPS). The simulation results showed that the connected SPDs could successfully limit the transient overvoltage in the system to an acceptable level. The analysis in this work is crucial for designing, operating, and maintaining a hybrid PV–wind system. It can help to find the potential vulnerability areas within such a system and implement appropriate protection measures since there is no available lightning standard for such systems. Additionally, it assists the system operators in increasing the uptime and dependability of their RE systems, limiting expensive downtime and environmental effects while optimising energy output. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made for lightning protection developers.

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Section: Pv Farmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Lightning-Induced Transient Effects on a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Wind System Based on Lightning Protection Standards

et al. 2023

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“…For anti-saturation scheme is set V dc / √ 3 to prevent uncontrollability. For PR controller with anti-windup, m max is chosen based on the switching method according to Equations (21) and (22). Therefore, the allowed maximum value of for three different switching methods: Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SV-PWM) and Square wave modulation can be found from:…”

Section: Pr Controller With Anti-windup Capabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, many papers have been published about proportional-resonant controllers, addressing different topics such as different PR topologies, discretization/digital implementation [14][15][16] and parameters tuning [17][18][19][20][21][22], among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Control for Improving the Operation of Grid-Connected Power Converters under Faulty and Saturated Conditions

et al. 2018

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In renewable energy based systems Grid-Connected Voltage Source Converters (GC-VSC) are used in many applications as grid-feeding converters, which transfer the power coming from the renewable energy sources to the grid. In some cases, the operation of GC-VSC may become unstable or uncontrollable due to, among others: a grid fault or an inappropriate current-power reference, that give rise to fast electrical transients or a saturation of the controller. In this paper, an improved control scheme is proposed to enhance the controllability of GC-VSC in all these situations. This solution consists of two parts, on the one hand a new Proportional-Resonant (PR) controller with anti-windup capability to be used as current controller, and secondly a new current/power reference modifier, which defines the suitable reactive current/power reference to keep the system stable. It is worth to mention that the proposed scheme does not need information about the grid parameters as it only uses the converter current, and the voltage at the capacitors of Inductor-Capacitor (LC) output filter.

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“…In distributed power generation system (DPGS), a grid-connected converter is usually used as the interface between the renewable energy and grid, which plays an important role in injecting high quality power into the grid [1][2][3]. For the grid-connected converter, an LCL filter is usually preferred to attenuate the switching frequency harmonics due to its having a higher harmonic attenuating ability than an L filter [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Capacitor Voltage Feedforward for Three-Phase LCL-Type Grid-Connected Converter to Suppress Start-Up Inrush Current

et al. 2017

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Three-phase active damping LCL-type grid-connected converters are usually used in distributed power generation systems. However, serious inrush current will be aroused when the grid-connected converter starts, especially in rectifier mode, if no effective control method is taken. The point of common coupling (PCC) voltage feedforward is usually used to suppress start-up inrush current. Unfortunately, it will introduce a positive feedback loop related to the grid current and grid impedance under weak grid conditions, and therefore, the grid current will be distorted and the system stability margin will be significantly reduced. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a simple method based on a d-axis fundamental positive-sequence component of filter capacitor voltage feedforward, without extra sensors and software resources. With the proposed method, it is possible to suppress the start-up inrush current and maintain the grid current quality and system stability under weak grid conditions. The mechanism of start-up inrush current and the effectiveness of the method for inrush current suppression are analyzed in detail. Then, the influences of different feedforward methods on system stability are analyzed under weak grid conditions by the impedance model of grid-connected converter. Finally, experimental results verify the validity of the proposed method.

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A Unified Current Loop Tuning Approach for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverters

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Mitigation of Lightning-Induced Transient Effects on a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Wind System Based on Lightning Protection Standards

Mitigation of Lightning-Induced Transient Effects on a Hybrid Photovoltaic–Wind System Based on Lightning Protection Standards

Enhanced Control for Improving the Operation of Grid-Connected Power Converters under Faulty and Saturated Conditions

Improved Capacitor Voltage Feedforward for Three-Phase LCL-Type Grid-Connected Converter to Suppress Start-Up Inrush Current

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