“…• There was a standard vision on what enterprise modeling really is and there was an international consensus on the underlying concepts for the benefit of business users (Goranson et al, 2002) • There was a standard, user-oriented, interface in the form of a unified enterprise modeling language (UEML) based on the previous consensus to be available on all commercial modeling tools (Chen et al, 2002b;Panetto et al, 2004) • There were real enterprise modeling and simulation tools commercially available taking into account function, information, resource, organization, and financial aspects of an enterprise including human aspects, exception handling, and process coordination. Simulation tools need to be configurable, distributed, agent-based simulation tools (Vemadat and Zeigler, 2000) • There were design patterns and model-based components available as (commercial) building blocks to design, build, and reengineer large scale systems (Molina and Medina, 2003) • There were commercially available integration platforms and integrating infrastructures (in the form of packages of computer services) for plug-and-play solutions (Chen and Doumeingts, 2003) Future trends in enterprise integration and enterprise modeling would be toward loosely-coupled interoperable systems rather than high-cost monolithic solutions and low-success holistic integration projects.…”