A unified formula for discharge capacity of street inlets for urban flood management

Xia, Junqiang; Dong, Boliang; Ahmadian, Reza; Falconer, Roger Alexander; Li, Qijie; Zhang, Xiaolei

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127667

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The discharge of the grate inlet directly reflects the fluctuation in the overall flow rate of the pressurized stormwater drainage system. In previous research 20 , 44 , 45 , the discharge modes of the grate inlet have been classified into weir flow and orifice flow based on the water depth in front of the grate. Specifically, weir flow can further be categorized into two types depending on the state of the tributary pipe, either as non-pressurized flow or semi-pressurized flow, as illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on the discharge capacity of grate inlets is as follows: Under different inflow conditions, a single grate inlet exhibits two types of flow patterns: weir flow and submerged outflow. When the grate inlet experiences varying degrees of blockage, the discharge formula based on the Froude number can be adjusted by introducing a blockage coefficient 20 , 21 . The discharge of multiple grate inlets can be estimated using empirical formulas based on factors such as effective length ratio, effective width ratio, and open area ratio 22 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental study on the buffering effects of urban trees group in dike-break floods

Liu,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The process of dike-break flood propagation in typical urban street is highly complex. The presence of buildings and trees groups in urban street profoundly alters the flood dynamics, impacting the drainage capacity of the area. In this study, a generalized sink model representing a typical urban street was established, including trees groups, buildings, sidewalks, and stormwater drainage systems. The study measured the fluctuation of water levels within the street block and the pressure variation in the pressurized stormwater drainage network during the dike-break flood propagation. Furthermore, it conducted a comparative analysis to assess the influence of different arrangements of trees groups on the maximum water depth in buildings and the discharge capacity of the pressurized stormwater drainage network. Dike-break floods give rise to large-scale water leaps and the formation of thin layer water sheets near the buildings under the influence of buildings, water tank sidewalls, and tree groups. The water leap zones exhibit lateral migration and superposition on the sidewalks during the flood propagation, gradually dissipating and disappearing in the longitudinal direction of the street. In the presence of tree groups, the water levels significantly decrease in buildings and downstream street, while the discharge capacity of the pressurized stormwater drainage network shows a slight improvement as the road’s flood-carrying capacity increases. The pressure in the main pipes fluctuates due to the switching of the grate inlet drainage mode and the hydraulic transition process in the branch pipes. The research findings not only provide valuable validation data for numerical simulations but also offer theoretical guidance for urban flood management and landscape design.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the buffering effects of urban trees group in dike-break floods

Liu,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…However, in many cases, information on the location and characteristics of stormwater infrastructures is missing or incomplete (Mignot & Dewals, 2022), forcing the use of simplified methods (Bertsch et al., 2017) that neglect the sewer flow surcharging to the ground surface. In this case, D can be computed using specific formulas for the inlet drainage capacity (Cosco et al., 2020; Kitsikoudis et al., 2021; Palla et al., 2016; J. Xia et al., 2022) or an equivalent infiltration capacity (Y. Wang et al., 2018), that is quite common for large scale studies involving both rural and urban areas (Noh et al., 2019; Qiang et al., 2021; Schubert et al., 2022; Xing et al., 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward Street‐Level Nowcasting of Flash Floods Impacts Based on HPC Hydrodynamic Modeling at the Watershed Scale and High‐Resolution Weather Radar Data

Costabile,

Costanzo,

Kalogiros

et al. 2023

Water Resources Research

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In our era, the rapid increase of parallel programming coupled with high‐performance computing (HPC) facilities allows for the use of two‐dimensional shallow water equation (2D‐SWE) algorithms for simulating floods at the “hydrological” catchment scale, rather than just at the “hydraulic” fluvial scale. This approach paves the way for the development of new operational systems focused on impact‐based flash‐floods nowcasting, wherein hydrodynamic simulations directly model the spatial and temporal variability of measured or predicted rainfall on impacts even at a street scale. Specifically, the main goal of this research is to make a step to move toward the implementation of an effective flash flood nowcasting system in which timely and accurate impact warnings are provided by including weather radar products in the HPC 2D‐SWEs modelling framework able to integrate watershed hydrology, flow hydrodynamics, and river urban flooding in just one model. The timing, location, and intensity of the street‐level evolution of some key elements at risk (people, vehicles, and infrastructures) are also discussed considering both calibration issues and the role played by the spatial and temporal rainfall resolution. All these issues are analyzed and discussed having as a starting point the flood event which hit the Mandra town (Athens, Greece) on the 15 November 2017, highlighting the feasibility and the accuracy of the overall approach and providing new insights for the research in this field.

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“…The discharge of the grate inlet directly reflects the fluctuation in the overall flow rate of the pressurized stormwater drainage system. In previous research 20,43,44 , the discharge modes of the grate inlet have been classified into weir flow and orifice flow based on the water depth in front of the grate. Specifically, weir flow can further be categorized into two types depending on the state of the tributary pipe, either as nonpressurized flow or semi-pressurized flow, as illustrated in Figure 6.…”

Section: Discharge and Pressure Fluctuations In Pressurized Rainwater...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Buffering Effects of Urban Trees Group in Dike-Break Floods

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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The process of dike-break flood propagation in typical urban street blocks is highly complex. The presence of buildings and trees groups in urban street blocks profoundly alters the flood dynamics, impacting the drainage capacity of the area. In this study, a generalized sink model representing a typical urban street block was established, including trees groups, buildings, sidewalks, and stormwater drainage systems. The study measured the fluctuation of water levels within the street block and the pressure variation in the pressurized stormwater drainage network during the dike-break flood propagation. Furthermore, it conducted a comparative analysis to assess the influence of different arrangements of trees groups on the maximum water depth in buildings and the discharge capacity of the pressurized stormwater drainage network. Dike-break floods give rise to large-scale water leaps and the formation of thin layer water sheets near the buildings under the influence of buildings, water tank sidewalls, and tree groups. The water leap zones exhibit lateral migration and superposition on the sidewalks during the flood propagation, gradually dissipating and disappearing in the longitudinal direction of the street block. In the presence of tree groups, the water levels significantly decrease in buildings and downstream street blocks, while the discharge capacity of the pressurized stormwater drainage network shows a slight improvement as the road's flood-carrying capacity increases. The pressure in the main pipes fluctuates due to the switching of the grate inlet drainage mode and the hydraulic transition process in the branch pipes. The research findings not only provide valuable validation data for numerical simulations but also offer theoretical guidance for urban flood management and landscape design.

show abstract

A unified formula for discharge capacity of street inlets for urban flood management

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Experimental study on the buffering effects of urban trees group in dike-break floods

Experimental study on the buffering effects of urban trees group in dike-break floods

Toward Street‐Level Nowcasting of Flash Floods Impacts Based on HPC Hydrodynamic Modeling at the Watershed Scale and High‐Resolution Weather Radar Data

Experimental Study on the Buffering Effects of Urban Trees Group in Dike-Break Floods

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