A unified model of illusory and occluded contour interpolation

Kalar, Donald J.; Garrigan, Patrick; Wickens, Thomas D.; Hilger, James; Kellman, Philip J.

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2009.10.011

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The identity hypothesis states that one neural mechanism is responsible for the completion of both illusory contours as well as occluded objects [104]. A recent modeling study was able to achieve both perceptual tasks in one biologically plausible network architecture [105]. This further supports the identity hypothesis and the importance of using IC sensitivity as a general phenomenon for application to other domains of visual perception.…”

Section: Figure I About Heresupporting

confidence: 56%

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Murray

Herrmann

2013

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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Abstract:Seeing seems effortless, despite needing to segregate and integrate visual information that varies in its quality, quantity, and location. The extent to which seeing passively recapitulates the external world is challenged by phenomena such as illusory contours, an example of visual completion whereby borders are perceived despite their physical absence in the image. Instead, visual completion and seeing are increasingly conceived as active processes, dependent on information exchange across neural populations. How this is instantiated in the brain remains controversial. Divergent models emanate from single-unit and population-level electrophysiology, neuroimaging, and neurostimulation studies. We reconcile discrepant findings from different methods and disciplines, and underscore the importance of taking into account spatio-temporal brain dynamics in generating models of brain function and perception. Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation 1 Highlights Illusory contours exemplify core challenges for perception and binding  Competing models stem from diverse neurophysiologic metrics in animals and humans  Consideration of spatio-temporal brain dynamics reconciles these differences 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 AbstractSeeing seems effortless, despite needing to segregate and integrate visual information that varies in its quality, quantity, and location. The extent to which seeing passively recapitulates the external world is challenged by phenomena such as illusory contours, an example of visual completion whereby borders are perceived despite their physical absence in the image.Instead, visual completion and seeing are increasingly conceived as active processes, dependent on information exchange across neural populations. How this is instantiated in the brain remains controversial. Divergent models emanate from single-unit and population-level electrophysiology, neuroimaging, and neurostimulation studies. We reconcile discrepant findings from different methods and disciplines, and underscore the importance of taking into account spatio-temporal brain dynamics in generating models of brain function and perception. KeywordsVisual perception; perceptual completion; binding; object recognition; illusory contour; neuroimaging 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 In what follows, we provide a review of these developments as they pertain to Single-unit StudiesPsychology differentiates sensation from perception (Box 1). Sensation reflects the neural representation of physical properties of stimuli, whereas perception refers to consci...

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Section: Figure I About Heresupporting

confidence: 56%

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Murray

Herrmann

2013

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

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“…Subjective or illusory contours, induced by precise geometrical alignment of stimulus features such as abutting lines, have been extensively studied (Grossberg and Mingolla, 1985;Livingstone and Hubel, 1987;Vogels and Orban, 1987;Paradiso et al, 1989;Davis and Driver, 1994;Ramachandran et al, 1994;Ringach and Shapley, 1996;Rubin et al, 1996;Westheimer and Li, 1997;Larsson et al, 1999;Nieder, 2002;Halko et al, 2008;Francis and Wede, 2010;Kalar et al, 2010). More than two decades ago, von der Heydt and colleagues reported in their pioneering work that approximately one-third of V2 cells respond to IC stimuli (von der Heydt et al, 1984;von der Heydt and Peterhans, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent Representation of Real and Illusory Contours in Macaque V4

Pan¹,

Chen²,

Yin³

et al. 2012

J. Neurosci.

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The cortical processing of illusory contours provides a unique window for exploring the brain mechanisms underlying visual perception. Previous electrophysiological single-cell recordings demonstrate that a subgroup of cells in macaque V1 and V2 signal the presence of illusory contours, whereas recent human brain imaging studies reveal higher-order visual cortices playing a central role in illusory figure processing. It seems that the processing of illusory contours/figures may engage multiple cortical interactions between hierarchically organized processing stages in the ventral visual pathway of primates. However, it is not yet known in which brain areas illusory contours are represented in the same manner as real contours at both the population and single-cell levels. Here, by combining intrinsic optical imaging in anesthetized rhesus macaques with single-cell recordings in awake ones, we found a complete overlap of orientation domains in visual cortical area V4 for processing real and illusory contours. In contrast, the orientation domains mapped in early visual areas V1 and V2 mainly encoded the local physical stimulus features inducing the subjective perception of global illusory contours. Our results indicate that real and illusory contours are encoded equivalently by the same functional domains in V4, suggesting that V4 is a key cortical locus for integration of local features into global contours.

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“…Almost all work to date has focused on how perceptual organization depends on the geometrical properties of shapes, for example, when explaining how shapes are decomposed into parts212223 or how missing pieces of occluded or fragmented shapes are interpolated2425262728293031323334. Here, however, we are interested in how shapes are perceived and represented depending on higher-level inferences about the causal origin of objects and their features.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual perception of shape altered by inferred causal history

Spröte

Schmidt

Fleming

2016

Sci Rep

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One of the main functions of vision is to represent object shape. Most theories of shape perception focus exclusively on geometrical computations (e.g., curvatures, symmetries, axis structure). Here, however, we find that shape representations are also profoundly influenced by an object’s causal origins: the processes in its past that formed it. Observers placed dots on objects to report their perceived symmetry axes. When objects appeared ‘complete’—created entirely by a single generative process—responses closely approximated the object’s geometrical axes. However, when objects appeared ‘bitten’—as if parts had been removed by a distinct causal process—the responses deviated significantly from the geometrical axes, as if the bitten regions were suppressed from the computation of symmetry. This suppression of bitten regions was also found when observers were not asked about symmetry axes but about the perceived front and back of objects. The findings suggest that visual shape representations are more sophisticated than previously appreciated. Objects are not only parsed according to what features they have, but also to how or why they have those features.

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A unified model of illusory and occluded contour interpolation

Cited by 31 publications

References 52 publications

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Illusory contours: a window onto the neurophysiology of constructing perception

Equivalent Representation of Real and Illusory Contours in Macaque V4

Visual perception of shape altered by inferred causal history

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