“…In recent years, the hot deformation behaviors of some typical nickel-based superalloys were investigated. On the one hand, Lin et al [15,16,17], Kumar et al [18], Zuo et al [19], Yang et al [20], Azarbarmas et al [21], and Liu et al [22] developed various accurate constitutive models to predict the flow stress of some typical superalloys. Considering the synthetical effects of deformation temperature, strain, strain rate, and initial δ phase on the hot deformation behaviors of GH4169 superalloy, Lin et al [23,24] proposed the improved phenomenological constitutive model.…”