A unified serotyping scheme for Moraxella bovis

Moore, Lindsey; Lepper, A.W.D.

doi:10.1016/0378-1135(91)90111-r

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Only piliated strains are able to bind to corneal tissue and cause IBK, highlighting the significance of T4P as a virulence factor. Two different pilin proteins have been identified in Moraxella, termed Q (quick) and I (intermediate) (148), and these form a total of 7 serogroups as determined by immunological cross-reactivity studies (286). The expression of these proteins is mutually exclusive, and switching between one or the other is dependent on the inversion of a 2.1-kb segment of DNA, as only one promoter is present.…”

Section: Moraxella and Dichelobacter Pilin Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Type IV Pilin Proteins: Versatile Molecular Modules

Giltner

Nguyen

Burrows

2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

412

519

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SUMMARYType IV pili (T4P) are multifunctional protein fibers produced on the surfaces of a wide variety of bacteria and archaea. The major subunit of T4P is the type IV pilin, and structurally related proteins are found as components of the type II secretion (T2S) system, where they are called pseudopilins; of DNA uptake/competence systems in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive species; and of flagella, pili, and sugar-binding systems in the archaea. This broad distribution of a single protein family implies both a common evolutionary origin and a highly adaptable functional plan. The type IV pilin is a remarkably versatile architectural module that has been adopted widely for a variety of functions, including motility, attachment to chemically diverse surfaces, electrical conductance, acquisition of DNA, and secretion of a broad range of structurally distinct protein substrates. In this review, we consider recent advances in this research area, from structural revelations to insights into diversity, posttranslational modifications, regulation, and function.

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Section: Moraxella and Dichelobacter Pilin Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Type IV Pilin Proteins: Versatile Molecular Modules

Giltner

Nguyen

Burrows

2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

412

519

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“…Pilin genes of strain Epp63 variants have been characterized by other workers (4,18). The Epp63Q pilin gene shows greatest similarity (78% identity) to that of the prototype serogroup F strain, 218R, and has been classified as serogroup F by serology (20); the inferred complete pilin gene of Epp63I shows most similarity to that of Tat849 (82%) (data not shown).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piliation of the organism is one prerequisite of pathogenicity, and pilus antigens have been used to classify different organisms into seven non-cross-reacting serogroups. Prototype strains chosen to represent serogroups A to G are as follows: A, S276R; B, 3W07; C, Dalton2d (Dal2d); D, R593L; E, Tat849; F, 218R; G, Fleur462 (FL462) (20). The pili are of the N-methylphenylalanine type found in several diverse bacterial genera and characterized by a pilin subunit with a highly conserved amino-terminal sequence, an N-methylated amino-terminal phenylalanine residue, and a molecular weight of about 16,000 to 18,000 (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of pilin genes from seven serologically defined prototype strains of Moraxella bovis

et al. 1994

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Numerous field isolates ofMoraxella bovis have previously been classified by serological techniques into seven serogroups, each defined by homologous cross-reaction with antisera prepared against purified pili of a single prototype strain. The gene encoding pilin from each of the prototype strains has been characterized by nucleotide sequence determination. The coding sequences show extensive homology (70 to 80%) while [Difco]) at 37°C for 18 h, and a small, high-domed, smooth-edged colony (features indicative of piliation) was taken to inoculate 3% [wt/vol] tryptone soya broth (Oxoid) at 37°C for overnight culture. This small culture (5 ml) was used for serotyping and the preparation of lyophilized stocks. After being opened, stocks were cultured on 5% blood agar to ensure a small, high-domed colony was again selected for inoculating 3% tryptone soya broth. DNA was prepared from this culture following serotype verification by slide agglutination (21).Preparation of DNA, identification of pilin genes by oligonucleotide probes Mbol and Mbo2, and cloning of pilin genes have been described previously (3

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“…Pilus-based vaccines reduce the incidence and the severity of IBK (10)(11)(12)(13)(14); however, the presence of multiple pilus serogroups (15) coupled with the potential for pilin gene inversions (16) increases antigenic variability and may result in antigenic switching, allowing M. bovis to evade a host immune response in animals vaccinated with pili (12). In contrast to pilus antigens, the M. bovis cytotoxin (MbxA) is more highly conserved among isolates (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Ocular Immune Responses in Steers following Intranasal Vaccination with Recombinant Moraxella bovis Cytotoxin Adjuvanted with Polyacrylic Acid

Angelos

Edman

Chigerwe

2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) caused by Moraxella bovis is the most common eye disease of cattle. The pathogenesis of M. bovis requires the expression of pili that enable the organism to attach to the ocular surface and an RTX (repeats in the structural toxin) toxin (cytotoxin or hemolysin), which is cytotoxic to corneal epithelial cells. In this pilot study, ocular mucosal immune responses of steers were measured following intranasal (i.n.) vaccination with a recombinant M. bovis cytotoxin adjuvanted with polyacrylic acid. Beef steers were vaccinated with either 500 g (n ‫؍‬ 3) or 200 g (n ‫؍‬ 3) of recombinant M. bovis cytotoxin plus adjuvant. Control group steers (n ‫؍‬ 2) were vaccinated with adjuvant alone, and all steers were given a booster on day 21. Antigen-specific tear IgA and tear IgG, tear cytotoxin-neutralizing antibody responses, and serum cytotoxin-neutralizing antibody responses were determined in samples collected prevaccination and on days 14, 28, 42, and 55. Changes in tear antigenspecific IgA levels from day 0 to days 28, 42, and 55 were significantly different between groups; however, in post hoc comparisons between individual group pairs at the tested time points, the differences were not significant. Our results suggest that i.n. vaccination of cattle with recombinant M. bovis cytotoxin adjuvanted with polyacrylic acid effects changes in ocular antigenspecific IgA concentrations. The use of intranasally administered recombinant M. bovis cytotoxin adjuvanted with polyacrylic acid could provide an alternative to parenteral vaccination of cattle for immunoprophylaxis against IBK. Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) ("pinkeye") is the most common eye disease of cattle and causes corneal ulceration, corneal edema, blepharospasm, photophobia, and lacrimation in affected animals; young animals are most often affected. The disease occurs most commonly in cattle populations during summer periods in association with risk factors such as UV radiation, dust, plant awns, and flies. In severe cases, rupture of the cornea results in permanent blindness. Along with economic losses associated with treatment and prevention of IBK, there are individual animal costs associated with reduced animal well-being, comfort, and welfare. The etiologic agent of IBK has long been considered to be Moraxella bovis (1). In 2007, another species, Moraxella bovoculi, was reported that had been isolated from calves with IBK in northern California (2). Challenge inoculation of calves with M. bovoculi has not supported a direct causal role for M. bovoculi in corneal ulceration associated with IBK (3), and at this time, M. bovis remains the only organism for which Koch's postulates have been established with respect to IBK (1).The pathogenesis of M. bovis requires the expression of pilin for attachment to the corneal surface (4-6) and cytotoxin (hemolysin or cytolysin) that mediates damage to corneal epithelium, leading to ulceration (7-9). Pilus-based vaccines reduce the incidence and the severity of I...

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A unified serotyping scheme for Moraxella bovis

Cited by 47 publications

References 10 publications

Type IV Pilin Proteins: Versatile Molecular Modules

Type IV Pilin Proteins: Versatile Molecular Modules

Characterization of pilin genes from seven serologically defined prototype strains of Moraxella bovis

Ocular Immune Responses in Steers following Intranasal Vaccination with Recombinant Moraxella bovis Cytotoxin Adjuvanted with Polyacrylic Acid

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