This paper is concerned with the high temperature low cycle fatigue behaviour of a new nanostrengthened martensitic-ferritic steel, MarBN. A range of strain-controlled, low cycle fatigue tests are presented on MarBN at 600 °C and 650 °C, and compared with previously published data for a current state-of-the-art material, P91 steel, including microstructural analysis of the fracture mechanisms. A modified Chaboche damage law, incorporating Coffin-Manson life prediction, is implemented within a hyperbolic sine unified cyclic viscoplastic constitutive model. Calibration and validation of the model with respect to the effects of strain-rate and strain-range is performed based on an optimisation procedure for identification of the material parameters. The cyclic viscoplasticity model with damage successfully predicts fatigue damage evolution and life in the cyclically-softening materials, MarBN and P91.