A "Uniformity Principle" for Evacuation Route Allocation

Francis, Richard L.

doi:10.6028/jres.086.023

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Contrary to earlier work in this area (see for example Francis [10], Chalmet, Francis and Saunders [4], Choi, Hamacher and Tufecki [6], Hamacher and Tjandra [12], Tjandra [19]) which employed networks primarily in macroscopic settings where building structure is usually greatly abstracted compared to the microscopic settings of evacuation simulations. In contrast to this, our networks are derived from the microscopic settings of cellular automata.…”

Section: Our Approachmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the use of network flow techniques for assigning evacuees to exits

Dressler

Groß

Kappmeier

et al. 2010

Procedia Engineering

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We apply network flow techniques to find good exit selections for evacuees in an emergency evacuation. More precisely, we present two algorithms for computing exit distributions using both classical flows and flows over time which are well known from combinatorial optimization. The performance of these new proposals is compared to a simple shortest path approach and to a best response dynamics approach by using a cellular automaton model.

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Section: Our Approachmentioning

confidence: 90%

On the use of network flow techniques for assigning evacuees to exits

Dressler

Groß

Kappmeier

et al. 2010

Procedia Engineering

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“…The notion of "effective length" [7] calculated as the product of the physical length and the hazard intensity, together with Dijkstra's algorithm can compute the best path to exits [16], [17], and can include [18] information about the spatial hazard. The "Uniformity principle" [19] is also useful in showing that proper allocation of evacuees to routes, such that all exit routes have the same clearance time, is essential in minimizing evacuation time [20], while in [21], [22] network flow models mimic evacuation planning problems and convert the original network to time-expended networks. To reduce the high computational cost caused of these linear programming methods, in [23] the Cognitive Packet Network is used for route discovery.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Routing diverse crowds in emergency with dynamic grouping

Akinwande

2015

2015 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communication Workshops (PerCom Workshops)

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Evacuee routing algorithms in emergency typically adopt one single criterion to compute desired paths and ignore the specific requirements of users caused by different physical strength, mobility and level of resistance to hazard. In this paper, we present a quality of service (QoS) driven multi-path routing algorithm to provide diverse paths for different categories of evacuees. This algorithm borrows the concept of Cognitive Packet Network (CPN), which is a flexible protocol that can rapidly solve optimal solution for any user-defined goal function. Spatial information regarding the location and spread of hazards is taken into consideration to avoid that evacuees be directed towards hazardous zones. Furthermore, since previous emergency navigation algorithms are normally insensitive to sudden changes in the hazard environment such as abrupt congestion or injury of civilians, evacuees are dynamically assigned to several groups to adapt their course of action with regard to their on-going physical condition and environments. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm which is sensitive to the needs of evacuees produces better results than the use of a single metric. Simulations also show that the use of dynamic grouping to adjust the evacuees' category and routing algorithms with regard for their on-going health conditions and mobility, can achieve higher survival rates.

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“…The second category of evacuation studies focused on optimizing the pedestrian evacuation process, mainly deal with the in‐building evacuation scenarios. An early static transshipment network model of building 101 has been widely explored as a benchmark for assessing the applicability of network flow optimization models for in‐building evacuation . Chalmet et al .…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their algorithm allows for joint optimal choice of destinations, routes, and departure times. of building 101 has been widely explored as a benchmark for assessing the applicability of network flow optimization models for in-building evacuation [27]. Chalmet et al [28] expanded it with dynamic formulations that use the procedure of Ford and Fulkerson [29] to concurrently maximize the total number of people evacuating from the building for all periods and to also minimize the duration for the last evacuee to exist the building.…”

Section: Vehicle Evacuation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal control strategies with an extended cell transmission model for massive vehicular‐pedestrian mixed flows in the evacuation zone

Zhang

Chang

2013

J of Advced Transportation

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SUMMARYThis paper presents an integrated model to design routing and signal plans for massive mixed pedestrian-vehicle flows within the evacuation zone. The proposed model, with its embedded formulations for pedestrians and vehicles in the same evacuation network, can effectively take their potential conflicts into account and generate the optimal routing strategies to guide evacuees toward either the pickup locations or their parking areas during an evacuation. The proposed model, enhancing the cell transmission model with the notion of sub-cells, mainly captures the complex movements in the vehicle-pedestrian flows and can concurrently optimizes both the signals for pedestrian-vehicle flows and the movement paths for evacuees. An illustrating example concerning the evacuation around the M&T Bank Stadium area has been used to demonstrate the application potential of the proposed model.

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A "Uniformity Principle" for Evacuation Route Allocation

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

On the use of network flow techniques for assigning evacuees to exits

On the use of network flow techniques for assigning evacuees to exits

Routing diverse crowds in emergency with dynamic grouping

Optimal control strategies with an extended cell transmission model for massive vehicular‐pedestrian mixed flows in the evacuation zone

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