A Unifying Framework for Metapopulation Dynamics

Harding,; McNamara,

doi:10.2307/3079135

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is not a universally valid model for all organisms but is appropriate for many much-studied taxa such as butterflies. Third, the present SPOMs include a mechanistic description of the rescue effect, which has been previously modeled in a mechanistic manner only in homogeneous patch networks (Gyllenberg and Hanski 1992;Etienne 2000Etienne , 2002Harding and McNamara 2002). In the spatially realistic metapopulation theory, the rescue effect has been either ignored or modeled through heuristic assumptions (e.g., Hanski 1999;Ovaskainen and Hanski 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Individual Behavior to Metapopulation Dynamics: Unifying the Patchy Population and Classic Metapopulation Models

Ovaskainen

Hanski

2004

The American Naturalist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spatially structured populations in patchy habitats show much variation in migration rate, from patchy populations in which individuals move repeatedly among habitat patches to classic metapopulations with infrequent migration among discrete populations. To establish a common framework for population dynamics in patchy habitats, we describe an individual-based model (IBM) involving a diffusion approximation of correlated random walk of individual movements. As an example, we apply the model to the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) inhabiting a highly fragmented landscape. We derive stochastic patch occupancy model (SPOM) approximations for the IBMs assuming pure demographic stochasticity, uncorrelated environmental stochasticity, or completely correlated environmental stochasticity in local dynamics. Using realistic parameter values for the Glanville fritillary, we show that the SPOMs mimic the behavior of the IBMs well. The SPOMs derived from IBMs have parameters that relate directly to the life history and behavior of individuals, which is an advantage for model interpretation and parameter estimation. The modeling approach that we describe here provides a unified framework for patchy populations with much movements among habitat patches and classic metapopulations with infrequent movements.Keywords: patchy population, metapopulation, individual-based model, stochastic patch occupancy model, Glanville fritillary butterfly, SPOMSIM.* E-mail: otso.ovaskainen@helsinki.fi. † E-mail: ilkka.hanski@helsinki.fi. Populations and metapopulations inhabiting fragmented landscapes show much variation in migration rate among habitat patches. In one extreme, termed the patchy population model (Harrison 1991), individuals move frequently among habitat patches and may reproduce in several patches during their lifetime. In the other extreme, most individuals remain all their life in the natal population, and movements among populations are infrequent, though migration rate is high enough to allow eventual recolonization of habitat patches where a local population has gone extinct (the classic metapopulation model; Levins 1969). Clearly, it would be helpful to have a theoretical framework that allows the full range of migration rate to be modeled. One such modeling framework is called structured metapopulation models, which are structured by the distribution of local population sizes (Hastings and Wolin 1989;Gyllenberg and Hanski 1992;Lande et al. 1998Lande et al. , 1999Casagrandi and Gatto 1999;Saether et al. 1999) or by a simple classification of population sizes (Hanski 1985;Hastings 1991;Hanski and Zhang 1993). Local dynamics and migration are modeled mechanistically, and there are no restrictions on the rate of migration; the consequences of emigration and immigration on local dynamics are fully accounted for. However, these models make the simplifying island model assumptions of global migration among infinitely many identical habitat patches (the assumption of identical patches was relaxed by Gyll...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Individual Behavior to Metapopulation Dynamics: Unifying the Patchy Population and Classic Metapopulation Models

Ovaskainen

Hanski

2004

The American Naturalist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In classic metapopulations local populations go extinct, yet the entire ensemble persists via colonization into empty patches (49,50). Such species' niches must be characterized at larger spatial scales than any single population, and landscape properties such as matrix permeability define range limits (51)(52)(53). For many species, dispersal and the spatial structure of the environment (e.g., connectedness) are integral to characterizing the niche.…”

Section: Stitching the Nichementioning

confidence: 99%

Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Holt

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

779

717

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

G. Evelyn Hutchinson more than a half century ago proposed that one could characterize the ecological niche of a species as an abstract mapping of population dynamics onto an environmental space, the axes of which are abiotic and biotic factors that influence birth and death rates. If a habitat has conditions within a species' niche, a population should persist without immigration from external sources, whereas if conditions are outside the niche, it faces extinction. Analyses of species' niches are essential to understanding controls on species' geographical range limits and how these limits might shift in our rapidly changing world. Recent developments in ecology and evolutionary biology suggest it is time to revisit and refine Hutchinson's niche concept. After reviewing techniques for quantifying niches, I examine subtleties that arise because of impacts species have on their own environments, the density-dependent modulation of how individuals experience environments, and the interplay of dispersal and temporal heterogeneity in determining population persistence. Moreover, the evolutionary record over all time scales reveals a spectrum of rates of change in species' niches, from rapid niche evolution to profound niche conservatism. Substantial challenges revolving around the evolutionary dimension of the Hutchinsonian niche include quantifying the magnitude of evolved intraspecific and clade-level variation in niches and understanding the factors that govern where along the spectrum of potential evolutionary rates any given lineage lies. A growing body of theory provides elements of a conceptual framework for understanding niche conservatism and evolution, paving the way for an evolutionary theory of the niche.Allee effects ͉ ecological niche ͉ landscape texture ͉ niche conservatism ͉ niche evolution T he niche concept is central to ecology (1, 2). G. EvelynHutchinson in a seminal essay Ͼ50 years ago (1) proposed a formalization of the niche that still resonates in the minds of ecologists. After years of quiescence, there has been a recent upsurge of interest in species' niches (2, 3), driven in part by the urgency of predicting ecological responses to rapid environmental change. In this article, after summarizing Hutchinson's niche concept and sketching empirical approaches to quantifying niches, I will point out limitations in standard articulations of the Hutchinsonian niche. Some arise from its focus on a species solely when it is rare, which can belie the impact of positive density dependence and feedback processes on population persistence; others arise from its relative neglect of temporal variation and spatial dynamics; and yet others arise from genetic variation and evolution in the niche itself. These reflections will lead to alternative and complementary niche definitions, enriching and extending Hutchinson's concept.

show abstract

“…The flexible preference for traits that are increasing in frequency would yield indirect genetic benefits, a correlation between the viability of fathers and their offspring, only if offspring are more likely than not to remain in the same patch where their parents mated. Alleles underlying the preference could increase in frequency even if the short-term existence of local populations or high rates of gene flow between them impeded local adaptation (see Harding and McNamara 2002) and rendered fixed preferences for specific male traits of no adaptive value. It is only necessary that trait variation be assessed at low cost given the prevailing female sensory biases.…”

Section: Variable Selection and Colonizing Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Soldier Beetles Display a Flexible Preference for Selectively Favored Male Phenotypes

McLain

2005

Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. In Georgia (USA) the soldier beetle, Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus (Coleoptera; Cantharidae), exhibits clinal variation in the length of the spot on its elytron. This suggests that the viability of phenotypes varies by habitat. Evidence of viability selection comes from within-site changes in the spot length distribution across a breeding season. When males with spots of intermediate length became less frequent, they became disproportionately less likely to mate, consistent with either a loss of vigor among remaining males or female rejection of disfavored phenotypes. Persistent, daily courtship by males provides females with the opportunity to track changes in male phenotype frequency and to exercise choice for phenotypes favored under natural selection. A laboratory experiment in which the frequency of one spot morph (long) or the other (short) was increased from 25% to 75% over a period of 30 days revealed that females possess a flexible preference that leads them to prefer whichever spot type has become more common over time. A haploid genetic model demonstrates that a flexible female preference for the locally favored male phenotype can be selected for when different viability alleles, genetically correlated with the male trait, are favored in different habitats that are linked by gene flow. Thus, migration between different kinds of habitat patches of a metapopulation could maintain the variation in male quality. This variation favors female choice for any trait that is directly or indirectly favored by natural selection. Such choice imparts positive frequency-dependent selection that could rapidly fix traits pleiotropically linked to viability. Rapid fixation would cause differentiation between populations of colonizing species as females exercise choice for mates favored under new ecological conditions.

show abstract

A Unifying Framework for Metapopulation Dynamics

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

From Individual Behavior to Metapopulation Dynamics: Unifying the Patchy Population and Classic Metapopulation Models

From Individual Behavior to Metapopulation Dynamics: Unifying the Patchy Population and Classic Metapopulation Models

Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century: Ecological and evolutionary perspectives

Female Soldier Beetles Display a Flexible Preference for Selectively Favored Male Phenotypes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About