A unique distribution of forces in permanent magnets using scalar and vector potential formulations

Medeiros, L.H.A. de; Reyne, Gilbert; Meunier, G.

doi:10.1109/20.908795

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…By using (2), we can express the generalized magnetic charge force calculating method as (3) In permanent magnet case, energies and force densities can be divided into three different categories: total magnetic energy and total force density, intrinsic magnetic energy and intrinsic force density, and interaction magnetic energy and interaction force density [5], [6].…”

Section: Interaction Body Force Density and Freezing Procedures Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction Body Force Density and Mechanical Deformation in Soft Magnetic Materials With External Field by Freezing Procedure of Magnetization

Lee

Kim

Chang

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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The quantitative interaction body force density was calculated in soft magnetic materials by using a freezing procedure of magnetization and virtual air-gap scheme, which were implemented by using the Finite Element Method. Until now, the virtual air-gap concept has been successfully applied to evaluating contact force and body force density in soft magnetic materials. When the generalized methods, methodologies with virtual air-gap scheme, are introduced, one can have an irregular force field, which seems to be random distribution of body force density. Even though this irregular pattern generates a correct global force and reasonable trend of mechanical deformation, it is quite difficult to predict the resultant deformation by the irregular force field. This irregular force field pattern is originated from the field direction to the finite element edge where the virtual air gap is inserted and an additional strong force arises with the outward normal direction. To remove this irregular pattern and evaluate an interaction body force density, the self-force density by the frozen magnetization should be withdrawn from the total body force density. To verify the proposed method, first, a critical magnetic system, which cannot be solved by the equivalent magnetizing source methods, were tested for evaluating the interaction body force density corresponding to the resultant mechanical deformations. After confirming the interaction force, two additional specific models were tested with the resultant mechanical deformations due to the different local force densities.Index Terms-Body force density, equivalent magnetizing source, freezing procedure, interaction force density, soft magnetic materials, virtual air gap.

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Section: Interaction Body Force Density and Freezing Procedures Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In permanent magnet materials, the interaction force density was extracted from the total force density by using the interaction energy and the total energy concepts [5], [6]. By the same analogy, here, the interaction body force density was evaluated in soft magnetic materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Body Force Density and Mechanical Deformation in Soft Magnetic Materials With External Field by Freezing Procedure of Magnetization

Lee

Kim

Chang

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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“…Several definitions have been proposed for virtual workbased force computation with PM materials [3]- [7]. Luiz et al [5]- [7] have performed extensive research and made some interesting observations.…”

Section: A Review Of the Energy/coenergy Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Luiz et al [5]- [7] have performed extensive research and made some interesting observations. One method is to define the energy and the coenergy as [3], [6], [7] (1) (2) where the associated energy/coenergy density is shown in Fig. 1.…”

Section: A Review Of the Energy/coenergy Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While this method has many advantages including good accuracy and the need to compute only one field solution, it is not easily applied with permanent magnet (PM) materials. The problem is that the virtual work method depends on the expression used to define the energy/coenergy in the system, and several different definitions of the energy/coenergy in a PM exist [3]- [7]. The uncertainty in the definition of the energy/coenergy in a PM also creates an uncertainty in computing magnetic forces when a PM touches other objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Force Computation in Permanent Magnets Using a Local Energy Coordinate Derivative Method

Zhou²,

Lin³

et al. 2004

IEEE Trans. Magn.

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The definition of energy/coenergy in permanent magnets (PMs) is still in dispute when virtual work is used to compute magnetic forces using finite-element methods. There is also no current practical method for computing forces when PMs touch objects. These problems are addressed in this paper in terms of a new definition of energy/coenergy in PMs and by using shell elements. The results are verified by analytical computations.Index Terms-Electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic forces, finite-element method, permanent magnets, virtual work.

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Magneto‐mechanical Modeling

Lefèvre¹,

Reyne²

2008

The Finite Element Method for Electromagnetic Modeling

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A unique distribution of forces in permanent magnets using scalar and vector potential formulations

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Interaction Body Force Density and Mechanical Deformation in Soft Magnetic Materials With External Field by Freezing Procedure of Magnetization

Interaction Body Force Density and Mechanical Deformation in Soft Magnetic Materials With External Field by Freezing Procedure of Magnetization

Magnetic Force Computation in Permanent Magnets Using a Local Energy Coordinate Derivative Method

Magneto‐mechanical Modeling

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