A unique high natural background radiation area in Indonesia: a brief review from the viewpoint of dose assessments

Nugraha, Eka Djatnika; Hosoda, Masahiro; Tamakuma, Yuki; Kranrod, Chutima; Mellawati, June; Tokonami, Shinji

doi:10.1007/s10967-021-07908-4

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…High uranium and thorium concentrations are recorded in weathered volcanic rocks in this area. The areas with high radiation dose rates in Mamuju are highly consistent with the distribution of the Adang volcanic deposits [2,[4][5][6][9][10][11][12]. Some uranium and thorium minerals in this region are found in the form of davidite ((U,Ce,Fe) 2 (Ti,Fe,V,Cr) 5 O 12 ), thorianite (Th 2 O), gummite (UO 3 .nH 2 O), autunite (CaO.2UO 3 .P 2 O 5 .8H 2 O) [13], britholite ((Ce,Ca) 5 (SiO 4 ) 3 OH), aeschynite (Ce,Ca,Fe,Th)(Ti,Nb) 2 (O,OH) 6 , monazite (REE,ThPO 4 ), thorite (ThSiO 4 ), and thorutite (Th,U,Ca)Ti 2 (O,OH) 6 [14].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Mamuju is an area of Indonesia with high natural radiation levels (613 nSv h −1 ) and represents a potential exploration area for radioactive minerals. Mamuju has anomalously high 238 U and 232 Th concentrations of 539-128,699 Bq kg −1 (average: 22,882 Bq kg −1 ) and 471-288,639 Bq kg −1 (average: 33,549 Bq kg −1 ), respectively, in laterite and rock samples [1][2][3]. The geology of the Mamuju area is dominated by the Adang volcanic rock complex, which was formed by volcanic processes within the eruption center and several lava domes [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uranium Isotope Characterization in Volcanic Deposits in a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Mamuju, Indonesia

Rosianna,

Nugraha,

Tazoe

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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Mamuju is an area of high natural radiation in Indonesia with high natural radiation levels (average 613 nSv h−1). Mamuju is anomalous due to its high average 238U and 232Th concentrations of 22,882 and 33,549 Bq kg−1, respectively, in laterite and rock. High natural radionuclide concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K have also been reported in soil samples from several locations in Mamuju, including Botteng, Northern Botteng, Takandeang, Ahu, and Taan. High radiation levels are related to radioactive mineral occurrences in the Adang volcanic complex, comprised of phonolitoid and foiditoid lithologies. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), uranium deposits can be classified into several types, among them a volcanic-related deposits, which include three sub-types: stratabound, structure-bound, and volcano-sedimentary deposits. This study aims to characterize volcanic rock deposit sub-types in the Mamuju area based on uranium radioisotope measurements. The uranium isotopes were measured using a tandem quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer combined with chemical separation by extraction chromatography using UTEVA resin. The analytical results for the 234U/238U ratios are used to determine the formation characteristics of minerals in each deposit sub-type based on mineral formation age, post-formation processes, and disturbances that affected the formation processes. Based on geochronological calculations using 234U/238U mineralization age, the deposits in the Mamuju area are 0.914–1.11 million years old and are classified as recent mineralization. These data have important implications for tracing uranium source rocks in the Mamuju area and may explain the anomalously high radiation levels in the Mamuju area.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium Isotope Characterization in Volcanic Deposits in a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Mamuju, Indonesia

Rosianna,

Nugraha,

Tazoe

et al. 2023

Geosciences

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“…The re-evaluation revealed that the majority of the residents in the HBRA received radiation exposure from natural radionuclides, equivalent to or more than twice the dose limits for occupational exposure to radiation in planned exposure situations (expressed as an effective dose of 20 mSv per year, averaged over a defined 5-year period [100 mSv in 5 years], with the effective dose not exceeding 50 mSv in any single year). It is noted that the estimated dose for all measurements excludes external exposure due to cosmic radiation and internal exposure due to intake of polonium ( 210 Po) and plumb ( 210 Pb) in foodstuffs and drinking water, which are the radionuclides that account for most of the ingestion dose [ 7 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radon and thoron progeny thus contribute approximately 85% (60 mSv y −1 ) of the total effective dose, while the external effective dose contributes 14% (9.3 mSv y −1 ). With regard to previous studies of HBRAs, a study from Kerala reported that the contribution of external exposure to the total dose was greater than that of internal exposure, while a study from Yangjiang reported the contribution of internal exposure [ 13 ]. These differences demonstrate that the dominant pathways of radiation exposure and radiation dose levels differ within each HBRA, and that residents of Mamuju are subject to both internal and external exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Modification Status of Human Serum Albumin Caused by Chronic Low-Dose Radiation Exposure in Mamuju, Sulawesi, Indonesia

et al. 2022

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The recently discovered high-level natural background radiation area (HBRA) of Mamuju in Indonesia provides a unique opportunity to study the biological effects of chronic low-dose radiation exposure on a human population. The mean total effective dose in the HBRA was approximately 69.6 mSv y−1 (range: 47.1 to 115.2 mSv y−1), based on a re-evaluation of the individual radiation exposure dose; therefore, proteomic analyses of serum components and oxidative modification profiling of residents living in the HBRA were reconducted using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analysis of the oxidative modification sequences of human serum albumin revealed significant moderate correlations between the radiation dose and the modification of 12 sequences, especially the 111th methionine, 162nd tyrosine, 356th tyrosine, and 470th methionine residues. In addition, a dose-dependent variation in 15 proteins of the serum components was detected in the serum of residents exposed to chronic low-dose radiation. These findings suggest that the alterations in the expression of specific proteins and the oxidative modification responses of serum albumin found in exposed humans may be important indicators for considering the effects of chronic low-dose radiation exposure on living organisms, implying their potential utility as biomarkers of radiation dose estimation.

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“…NBR for humans has four categories: inhalation of radon gas, internal exposure to endogenous 40 K and 14 C, external exposure to terrestrial radiation, and external exposure to cosmic radiation (NCRP 2009). Also, global levels of terrestrial NBR vary dramatically and can range by orders of magnitude higher than found in North America (Ghiassi-Nejad et al 2002; Vazifehmand et al 2015; Nugraha et al 2021). Research programs seeking to eliminate natural radiation sources often conduct experiments deep underground, using the rock overburden to shield from cosmic radiation, which accounts for ~11% of annual human exposure (Liu et al 2018; Esposito et al 2020; Zarubin et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protracted Exposure to a Sub-background Radiation Environment Negatively Impacts the Anhydrobiotic Recovery of Desiccated Yeast Sentinels

Lapointe,

Laframboise,

Pirkkanen

et al. 2024

Health Physics

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Experiments that examine the impacts of subnatural background radiation exposure provide a unique approach to studying the biological effects of low-dose radiation. These experiments often need to be conducted in deep underground laboratories in order to filter surface-level cosmic radiation. This presents some logistical challenges in experimental design and necessitates a model organism with minimal maintenance. As such, desiccated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is an ideal model system for these investigations. This study aimed to determine the impact of prolonged sub-background radiation exposure in anhydrobiotic (desiccated) yeast at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Two yeast strains were used: a normal wild type and an isogenic recombinational repair-deficient rad51 knockout strain (rad51Δ). Desiccated yeast samples were stored in the normal background surface control laboratory (68.0 nGy h−1) and in the sub-background environment within SNOLAB (10.1 nGy h−1) for up to 48 wk. Post-rehydration survival, growth rate, and metabolic activity were assessed at multiple time points. Survival in the sub-background environment was significantly reduced by a factor of 1.39 and 2.67 in the wild type and rad51∆ strains, respectively. Post-rehydration metabolic activity measured via alamarBlue reduction remained unchanged in the wild type strain but was 26% lower in the sub-background rad51∆ strain. These results demonstrate that removing natural background radiation negatively impacts the survival and metabolism of desiccated yeast, highlighting the potential importance of natural radiation exposure in maintaining homeostasis of living organisms.

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A unique high natural background radiation area in Indonesia: a brief review from the viewpoint of dose assessments

Cited by 11 publications

References 30 publications

Uranium Isotope Characterization in Volcanic Deposits in a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Mamuju, Indonesia

Uranium Isotope Characterization in Volcanic Deposits in a High Natural Background Radiation Area, Mamuju, Indonesia

Oxidative Modification Status of Human Serum Albumin Caused by Chronic Low-Dose Radiation Exposure in Mamuju, Sulawesi, Indonesia

Protracted Exposure to a Sub-background Radiation Environment Negatively Impacts the Anhydrobiotic Recovery of Desiccated Yeast Sentinels

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