A unique sense of smell: development and evolution of a sexually dimorphic antennal lobe – a review

Williams, Aidan T.; Verhulst, Eveline C.; Haverkamp, Alexander

doi:10.1111/eea.13145

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…A glomerular organization of the LAC might therefore be a common adaptation in free living insect larvae, and only be absent in those species that directly live in their food substrate, such as most hymenopterans. Gaining novel insights into the layout of the LAC will also aid further studies on the evolution and development of the insect olfactory system (Williams et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpillars: from receptors to glomeruli

Wang,

Smid,

Dicke

et al. 2023

Insect Science

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The olfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal circuits. However, comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these insects. Here, we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae, a significant pest species in Europe and a well‐studied species for its chemical ecology. To describe the larval olfactory system in this species, we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third‐instar larvae (L3) and identified 16 odorant receptors (ORs) including the OR coreceptor (Orco), 13 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 8 gustatory receptors (GRs). We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages, using qPCR, and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages, indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar development. Using an Orco‐specific antibody, we identified all olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing the Orco protein in L3, L4, and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco‐positive ORNs, distributed among three sensilla on the antenna. The number of Orco‐positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval instars. Finally, we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center (LAC), suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system, although with a lower numerical redundancy. Taken together, our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P. brassicae, highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory system. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life‐stage‐specific adaptations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaining novel insights into the layout of the LAC will also aid further studies on the evolution and development of the insect olfactory system (Williams et al. , 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpillars: from receptors to glomeruli

Wang,

Smid,

Dicke

et al. 2023

Insect Science

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“…The olfactory sensory system plays a vital role in various parasitoid behaviors, such as feeding, mating, host selection, oviposition site selection, and inter‐/intra‐species communication (Kaissling, 1971; Schneider, 1964; Williams et al, 2022; Xu et al, 2017). These behaviors could be mainly triggered by distant‐chemical and instant‐physical stimulus from the surrounding environment and recognized by the sensilla that distributed on the sensory organ of parasitoids (Souto et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of the parasitic wasp Baryscapus dioryctriae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Chen

Kang

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Baryscapus dioryctriae is an endoparasitic wasp in the pupae of many Pyralidae pests, such as Dioryctria mendacella, Ostrinia furnacalis, and Chilo suppressalis. To provide requisite background for our ongoing research on the mechanisms of host location in B. dioryctriae, the morphology, abundance, distribution, and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla were investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The geniculate antennae of B. dioryctriae are composed of scape, pedicel, and flagellum. Eight types of sensilla including Böhm sensilla, chaetica, trichodea, basiconic capitate peg, campaniformia, placodea, coeloconica, and sensilla styloconicum with a long hair were identified on both sexes. Sexual dimorphism exists in the antennae of B. dioryctriae. The number of flagellomere in males is over females, and the subtypes and abundance of sensilla are also different between the sexes. Additionally, the possible functions of distinct sensilla were discussed, which varies from olfaction, contact chemoreceptive, mechanoreception to hygro-/thermoreception, especially, the sensilla trichodea and placodea might be involved in olfactory perception in B. dioryctriae. These results provide an essential basis for further study on chemical communication between B. dioryctriae and their hosts, and contribute to the development of B. dioryctriae becoming an effective biocontrol agent against the pests of agriculture and forestry.

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“…Collectively, the insect olfactory system is a sophisticated network of neurons that receive numerous forms of olfactory inputs via the peripheral and central neural systems, which are highly developed and deliberate [15,16]. Several types of neurons in the peripheral nervous system receives initial odor signals, and the signs are integrated through the central nervous system to modify insect behaviors [17]. Insects' olfactory systems can sense and trace the source of the food odor to position themselves correctly for feeding, sense the odor of the living environment for gathering, recognize the sex pheromone to complete mating behaviors, and locate the spawning site to successfully lay eggs [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect-Microorganism Interaction Has Implicates on Insect Olfactory Systems

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Insects

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Olfaction plays an essential role in various insect behaviors, including habitat selection, access to food, avoidance of predators, inter-species communication, aggregation, and reproduction. The olfactory process involves integrating multiple signals from external conditions and internal physiological states, including living environments, age, physiological conditions, and circadian rhythms. As microorganisms and insects form tight interactions, the behaviors of insects are constantly challenged by versatile microorganisms via olfactory cues. To better understand the microbial influences on insect behaviors via olfactory cues, this paper summarizes three different ways in which microorganisms modulate insect behaviors. Here, we deciphered three interesting aspects of microorganisms-contributed olfaction: (1) How do volatiles emitted by microorganisms affect the behaviors of insects? (2) How do microorganisms reshape the behaviors of insects by inducing changes in the synthesis of host volatiles? (3) How do symbiotic microorganisms act on insects by modulating behaviors?

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A unique sense of smell: development and evolution of a sexually dimorphic antennal lobe – a review

Cited by 9 publications

References 169 publications

The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpillars: from receptors to glomeruli

The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpillars: from receptors to glomeruli

Morphology and ultrastructure of antennal sensilla of the parasitic wasp Baryscapus dioryctriae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Insect-Microorganism Interaction Has Implicates on Insect Olfactory Systems

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