A Universal Method for Regulating Carbon Microcrystalline Structure for High-Capacity Sodium Storage: Binding Energy As Descriptor

MoS2, WS2, and MoWS2 Flakes as Reversible Host Materials for Sodium-Ion and Potassium-Ion Batteries

“…Consequently, increased research has focused on other alkali-metal-ion-based batteries, such as sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) and potassium-ion batteries (KIBs), because sodium and potassium have more uniform, abundant distribution in the Earth crust compared to a mere 0.0017 wt % , of lithium. Recent studies have suggested several potential cathode materials and low-cost electrolyte salts for NIBs and KIBs that are analogous to those in use for commercial LIBs. − However, a suitable anode has yet to be found because Na/graphite and K/graphite compounds may not be thermodynamically stable. − Other studies have concluded that the larger radius of the Na-ion (1.02 Å) and K-ion (1.38 Å) compared to that of the Li-ion (0.76 Å) could be the reason for low capacity and poor cycling stability for NIBs and KIBs when graphite is used as the anode. − Although recent findings involving other forms of carbon, such as carbon black, microcrystalline structured carbon, and cellulose-derived carbon as electrodes or protective layers for electrodes and those involving the use of emerging polymer , or ionic liquid electrolytes, − have yielded promising results in NIBs and KIBs, − the search for a commercially viable electrode architecture is far from over.…”

“… 8 − 11 Other studies have concluded that the larger radius of the Na-ion (1.02 Å) and K-ion (1.38 Å) compared to that of the Li-ion (0.76 Å) could be the reason for low capacity and poor cycling stability for NIBs and KIBs when graphite is used as the anode. 10 − 13 Although recent findings involving other forms of carbon, such as carbon black, 14 microcrystalline structured carbon, 15 and cellulose-derived carbon 16 as electrodes or protective layers for electrodes and those involving the use of emerging polymer 17 , 18 or ionic liquid electrolytes, 19 − 22 have yielded promising results in NIBs and KIBs, 23 − 25 the search for a commercially viable electrode architecture is far from over.…”

Graphitic Carbocatalysts with Pentagon Defects Synthesized from Polyperylene for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries

“…These imperfections lead to a deviation from the ideal ordered atomic arrangement in the graphitic plane, which could reduce the energy barrier and increase the ORR activity . Typically, enhancing the graphitic nature comes at the cost of reduced surface activity and porosity, while promoting defects can improve functionality in certain applications at the expense of decreased order and conductivity. , Consequently, achieving a high density of defects while maintaining a well-ordered graphitic structure could be beneficial for boosting ORR performance, yet systematic research on this topic is still deficient.…”