A universal strategy toward flame retardant epoxy resin with ultra-tough and transparent properties

Chen, Bing; Luo, Wenhui; Lv, Jiaojiao; Lin, Shufeng; Zheng, Biao; Zhang, Huagui; Chen, Mingfeng

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110132

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Epoxy resin (EP), an important electronic packaging material, accounts for more than 90% of the market. [5][6][7] Therefore, the incorporation of flame retardants, such as P/N elements, in EP becomes crucial. P/N-containing flame retardants exhibit high flame-retardant efficiency, but the smoke toxicity index is no obvious improvement during combustion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Anderson‐Type POMs‐Based Hybrids Flame Retardant for Reducing Smoke Release and Toxicity of Epoxy Resins

Peng

Xia

et al. 2023

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Smoke emission and smoke toxicity have drawn more attention to improving the fire safety of polymers. In this work, a polyoxometalates (POMs)‐based hybrids flame retardant (P‐AlMo6) epoxy resin (EP) is prepared with toxicity‐reduction and smoke‐suppression properties via a peptide coupling reaction between POMs and organic molecules with double DOPO (bisDOPA). It combines the good compatibility of the organic molecule and the superior catalytic performance of POMs. Compared to pure EP, the glass transition temperature and flexural modulus of EP composite with 5 wt.% P‐AlMo6 (EP/P‐AlMo6‐5) are raised by 12.3 °C and 57.75%, respectively. Notably, at low flame‐retardant addition, the average CO to CO2 ratio (Av‐COY/Av‐CO2Y) is reduced by 33.75%. Total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) are lowered by 44.4% and 53.7%, respectively. The Limited Oxygen Index (LOI) value achieved 31.7% and obtained UL‐94 V‐0 rating. SEM, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and TG‐FTIR are applied to analyze the flame‐retardant mechanism in condensed and gas phase. Outstanding flame retardant, low smoke toxicity properties are attained due to the catalytic carbonization ability of metal oxides Al2O3 and MoO3 produced from the breakdown of POMs. This work advances the development of POMs‐based hybrids flame retardants with low smoke toxicity properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Anderson‐Type POMs‐Based Hybrids Flame Retardant for Reducing Smoke Release and Toxicity of Epoxy Resins

Peng

Xia

et al. 2023

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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“…16 Epoxy resin is also an important thermosetting resin that is formed by ring-opening polymerization of epoxy groups to generate three-dimensional network, and it is widely used in various fields such as electronic packaging materials, 17 waterproof materials, 18 anticorrosive coatings, 19,20 polymer composite materials, 21,22 and so forth for its outstanding processability, 23 chemical inertness, 24 mechanical performance, 25 great thermal stability. 26,27 However, to be used as electronic materials, the relatively high polarity, high water uptake, low thermal resistance, and high dielectric constant is not ideal. 28 Consequently, the epoxy resin based electronic materials are usually considered as low end product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the dielectric and mechanical properties of melamine based‐benzoxazine resin by copolymerizing with epoxy resin

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Benzoxazine resins are suffering from high curing temperature, low crosslinking density, and poor toughness, which hampers their broad applications. The introduction of melamine during synthesis has been shown useful in improving these properties, but the dielectric property was deteriorated heavily. Epoxy resins show higher crosslinking density and better toughness but the thermal properties are relatively poor. Herein, the melamine based‐benzoxazine MBF was copolymerized with epoxy resin E51 in this work in order to improve the dielectric properties. The curing reactivity, polymerization mechanism and the comprehensive properties such as thermal, dielectric and mechanical properties were systematically verified. It is found that the abundant active functional groups such as amino and phenolic groups in MBF could catalyze and copolymerize with E51 and form uniform copolymers poly(MBF‐E) at various proportions. With the increasing of epoxy resins, more polar amino groups was consumed, thus the polarity and the water absorption of the copolymers decreased. Additionally, the dielectric constant decreased from 3.67 for poly(MBF) to 2.94 for poly(MBF‐60E). Meanwhile, the highest increasement of tensile strength and elongation at break value reached 130% and 70%, respectively, which may be caused by the higher crosslinking density and more flexible ether bond formed.

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“…Under the tremendous pressure of environment, the halogen‐free flame retardants have been regarded as the most popular supplement for EP in recent years because their decomposition products were less toxic and corrosive 8–10 . Since phosphorus compounds could demonstrate fire safety by radical capturing effect in the gaseous phase and char promotion effect in the condensed phase, scientists have tried to improve the flame retardant properties of EP by introducing phosphorus derivatives 11–14 . 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), a kind of phosphorus‐containing flame retardant, has attracted many researchers' interest due to the presence of phenanthrene ring and OPH bonds in the molecule, which enhance flame retardancy and reaction activity 15–17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ladder‐like cross‐linked network of epoxy resin through multi‐site interaction: Flame retardancy and mechanical properties

Lai

Lin

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Most epoxy resins (EP) suffer from sacrificial mechanical properties in flame retardancy applications. Through a facile reaction between N‐aminoethylpiperazine (N‐AEP) and 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO), a novel multi‐site interaction flame retardant, DOPO‐based aminoethylpiperazine (abbreviate as AEPO), was successfully synthesized, which could form a ladder‐like cross‐linked network with EP. EP modified by AEPO (EP‐AEPO) was tested for flame retardancy using the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the vertical burning test (UL‐94), and the cone calorimeter test (CCT). According to the results, EP‐10 (EP with 10 phr of AEPO) could pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating and get a LOI value of 35.5%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of EP‐10 were also decreased by 25.2% and 29.8%, respectively, which caused by the synergistic charring effect of phosphorus and nitrogen elements contained in the structure of AEPO. Due to the ladder‐like cross‐linked network formed through multi‐site interaction, the mechanical properties demonstrated a significant improved. This work opened up a new strategy for achieving a comprehensive improvement on multifunctional EP through the design of a novel ladder‐like cross‐linked network with multi‐site interaction.

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A universal strategy toward flame retardant epoxy resin with ultra-tough and transparent properties

Cited by 44 publications

References 48 publications

A Novel Anderson‐Type POMs‐Based Hybrids Flame Retardant for Reducing Smoke Release and Toxicity of Epoxy Resins

A Novel Anderson‐Type POMs‐Based Hybrids Flame Retardant for Reducing Smoke Release and Toxicity of Epoxy Resins

Optimizing the dielectric and mechanical properties of melamine based‐benzoxazine resin by copolymerizing with epoxy resin

Ladder‐like cross‐linked network of epoxy resin through multi‐site interaction: Flame retardancy and mechanical properties

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