A urine-based biomarker for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a retrospective multi-center study

Abstract

Background: Chronic prostatitis (CP) or chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is one of the most common diseases in young and middle-aged men, accounting for 30% of outpatient men in urology OPD. There are no definitive diagnostic criteria for CP or CPPS and no accepted therapies that cure the disease.Methods: We identified 372 patients with CP diagnosed from 2015 to 2018 and collect the information of age, routine urinary test, express prostatic secretion (EPS), and NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI).Results: Our study proved a correlation between the increase of prostatic exosomal proteins (PSEPs) level and NIH-CPSI scores. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed a significant level correlation between NIH-CPSI and PSEP level (rs=0.194, P=0.0035). In the meantime, the correlation was found between the PSEP level and EPS-white blood cells. Spearman's correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant hierarchical correlation between EPS-white blood cells and PSEP level (rs=0.183, P=0.001).Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of PSEP is a practical indicator of the symptomatic progression of CP/CPPS. Applications of PSEP assay may guide drug discovery and lead to better treatment to improve the patient's quality of life.All in all, PSEP detection in urine is safe and effective, and it is worthy of further promotion and application in clinical practice.

Pathogenic Roles of CXCL10 in Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis by Modulating Macrophage Chemotaxis and Cytokine Secretion

“…Recently, several biomarkers in expressed prostatic secretion (EPS), urine, semen, or serum have been proposed for the diagnosis of CP/CPPS ( 7 , 38 – 40 ). Levels of urinary prostatic exosomal protein have been suggested as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis for CP/CPPS and can be used as a sign of the severity of CP/CPPS ( 41 ). Penna et al.…”

“…quantified several cytokine and chemokine levels in seminal plasma of CP/CPPS patients and revealed that IL-8 in seminal plasma was significantly elevated in CP/CPPS patients and was positively correlated with symptom score. IL-8 is a reliable biomarker for CP/CPPS patients and can discriminate CP/CPPS IIIA versus IIIB ( 41 ). Watanabe et al.…”

“…showed that soluble B7-H3 level in EPS is a novel chronic prostatitis marker that correlates negatively with symptom score ( 43 ). In addition, several inflammatory cytokines in serum or seminal plasma were elevated, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor, IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, and MCP1 ( 5 , 31 , 41 , 44 ). Nonetheless and to the best of our knowledge, we report for the first time elevated levels of CXCL10 in the serum from CP/CPPS patients.…”

The diagnostic value of urine heat shock protein 70 and prostatic exosomal protein in chronic prostatitis

“…Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a common but confusing urological disease that seriously affects men's lives and health and cannot be ignored 1,2 . The incidence rate is increasing, and the disease is affecting younger men 3 .…”

“…Therefore, there is an urgent need to find biomarkers and detection methods that are non‐invasive, stable, simple, fast, accurate, and reliable. In recent years, the detection of prostatic exosomal protein (PSEP) in the urine has been reported in the clinical diagnosis of CP, 2,6 but since its diagnostic efficiency and application value are not completely clear, the study of urine PSEP and HSP70 in CP patients has not been reported. In this study, we measured and compared the levels of PSEP and HSP70 in the urine of patients with different types of CP and in control subjects and analyzed their role in the diagnosis and classification of chronic prostatitis.…”