Sexual violence against children and adolescents can happen in any environment, whether at their own home, community, school or even online. In addition, sexual abuse is a complex concept since children and adolescents do not have the maturational and psychobiological conditions to face this violence. Therefore, this article aims to analyze scientific research on sexual abuse among children and adolescents by conducting a bibliographic review of national research to draw a theoretical framework of scientific reports published in the Scielo database (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Furthermore, an examination of nineteen publications on the matter (from 2004 to 2022) and a similitude analysis of the abstracts from the articles using the IRaMuTeQ program were performed and completed. The results of this research demonstrate that, in a historical context, sexual abuse against children and adolescents is a situation that needs attention due to its increased levels of violence. The research analyzed brings data that allows a reflection on the role of society and protection services in the intervention and decrease of sexual violence against children and adolescents since it is urgent and necessary to establish prevention strategies and support this public.