A vacuum-operated pore-water extractor for estuarine and freshwater sediments

Winger, Parley V.; Lasier, Peter J.

doi:10.1007/bf01055353

Cited by 54 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Water samples were taken weekly from April 1999 to December 2000. Fine-scale pore water samples were collected using a vacuum-operated pore-water extractor (i.e., swamp suckers or swampers, Winger and Lasier, 1991) and acrylic pore-water diffusion samplers (i.e., peepers, Hesslein, 1976). Details on the construction and implementation of the swamper and peeper pore water samplers are presented in the accompanying paper (Thomas and Romanek, 2002).…”

Section: Water Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Treatment of Low-Ph, Ferric Iron-Dominated Acid Rock Drainage in a Vertical Flow Wetland Ii: Metal Removal

Thomas¹,

Romanek²

2002

JASMR

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A limestone-buffered organic substrate (LBOS) is used to passively remove iron (140 mg·L -1 ) and aluminum (85 mg·L -1 ) from low pH (<3), ferric iron-dominated acid rock drainage (ARD). Iron and aluminum removal is attributed to an increase in pH with precipitates of both elements segregated along a pH gradient. The increase in pH is rapid and occurs across a limestone dissolution front. Three distinct mineralogical zones demarcate the limestone dissolution front. The oxide zone overlies the dissolution front and contains organic material, iron oxyhydroxides, and quartz; all of the original limestone has been dissolved. Below the limestone dissolution front, the limestone is pristine and largely unreacted. Iron sulfides predominate. The zone of transition between iron oxyhydroxide and sulfide is also the zone of active limestone dissolution and the focus of aluminum precipitation.Additional Key Words: limestone-buffered organic substrate, iron oxyhydroxide, aluminum hydroxysulfate, limestone dissolution, anaerobic wetland

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Section: Water Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Treatment of Low-Ph, Ferric Iron-Dominated Acid Rock Drainage in a Vertical Flow Wetland Ii: Metal Removal

Thomas¹,

Romanek²

2002

JASMR

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“…Tank effluent was sampled from a port installed on the effluent pipe at ground level. Fine-scale pore water samples were collected using a vacuum-operated pore-water extractor (i.e., swamp suckers or swampers, (Winger and Lasier, 1991) and acrylic pore-water diffusion samplers (i.e., peepers, Carignan, 1984;Carignan et al, 1985;Hesslein, 1976). Two tanks were sampled with the swampers, each in three different locations.…”

Section: Water Sampling and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Treatment of Low-Ph, Ferric Iron-Dominated Acid Rock Drainage in a Vertical Flow Wetland I: Acidity Neutralization and Alkalinity Generation

Thomas¹,

Romanek²

2002

JASMR

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Abstract. Passive treatment of acid rock drainage (ARD) is typically limited by the chemistry of the ARD. Anaerobic, ferrous iron-dominated ARD can be treated directly with limestone in an anoxic limestone drain (ALD), but alkalinity generation is limited because the high pH (5 -6) reduces limestone solubility. Oxygenated, ferrous iron-dominated ARD cannot be treated directly with limestone due to the potential for armoring by iron oxyhydroxide precipitates. Vertical flow wetlands that rely on biological processes are typically employed. Reducing and alkalinity producing systems (RAPS) are one type of VFW that requires biological pretreatment of ARD to remove oxygen. The biological pretreatment typically adds alkalinity to the ARD, limiting the alkalinity generated in the RAPS via limestone dissolution by lower the solubility of limestone. The low pH (< 3) of oxygenated, ferric iron-dominated ARD is prohibitive to the biological processes typically required for effective passive treatment. In this study, highly oxidized (i.e., 99% Fe 3+ ), low-pH (2.4), ARD is treated with a VFW system amended with fine-grained (1.2 mm) limestonebuffered organic substrate (LBOS). Nearly 100% of the influent acidity (averaged >1300 mg·L -1 ) is neutralized in the LBOS with an average 600 mg·L -1 of additional alkalinity measured in the effluent; total alkalinity generated in the LBOS averages > 1800 mg·L -1. Limestone dissolution accounts for 80 -95% of the total alkalinity generated in the system. Limestone dissolution is very rapid and occurs in a thin (2 -5 cm) dissolution front that advances as the limestone is depleted. Armoring due to iron oxyhydroxide precipitates apparently does not limit limestone dissolution, as limestone consumption above the dissolution front is nearly complete with greater than 85% of the limestone removed; limestone below the front is apparently unaffected. Sizing recommendations are made based on the influent acidity load and the volume of limestone in the LBOS.Additional Key Words: limestone-buffered organic substrate, limestone dissolution, armoring, biological oxidation of organic matter, anaerobic wetland 1

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“…Porewater was isolated from the sediment using vacuum extractors (Winger & Lasier 1991). Ten extractors (each consisting of a 60 cc syringe, airline tubing, and a fused glass air stone) were inserted into each sediment sample, and a vacuum was applied by extending and bracing the plunger.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and sediment quality survey of threatened and endangered freshwater mussel habitat in the Chipola River Basin, Florida

Hemming¹,

Winger²,

Rauschenberger³

et al. 2008

Endang. Species Res.

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Reduced habitat quality may be contributing to the decline of freshwater mussels in southeastern rivers. As part of an ongoing evaluation of the quality of freshwater mussel habitat in Gulf of Mexico coastal rivers, the Chipola River was assessed during 2006 and 2007. Sediment samples were collected at 8 sites along the Chipola River on May 2 and 3, 2006, and analyzed for contaminants and tested in the laboratory for toxicity to Hyalella azteca using 29 d exposures to solidphase sediment and 96 h exposures to sediment porewater. In addition, benthic macroinvertebrate populations were sampled at each site. Using the sediment quality triad approach (chemistry, toxicity and in situ benthic assemblages) to assess habitat quality, 3 sites (1, 4 and 8) were shown to be impaired, with Site 4 being the most impaired site. H. azteca survival in porewater exposures was reduced, and trace elements were elevated in sediments at these sites; however, concentrations were not considered exceedingly high. Water quality samples collected did not violate the State of Florida's water quality standards. The lack of concordance among the test metrics (in situ benthic assemblages were not impaired) at these sites suggests marginal habitat impairment.KEY WORDS: Water quality · Sediment quality · Macroinvertebrates · Chipola River · Freshwater mussels 6: 95-107, 2008 dence of causal mechanisms . Although causation has not been established, exposure to contaminants may have contributed to significant mussel losses (Newton 2003). Descriptions of localized mortality have been provided for chemical spills and other discrete point source discharges; however, range-wide decreases in mussel density and diversity may have resulted from the more insidious effects of chronic, low-level contamination (Naimo 1995, Newton 2003. As stated by Augspurger and others (2003), freshwater mussel experts often report chemical contaminants as factors that are limiting to unionids (Richter et al. 1997). They also noted the differential sensitivity of freshwater mussels that results in tolerances to some organic solvents and pesticides (Keller 1993, Keller & Ruessler 1997, but also high sensitivity of early life stages to contaminants such as chlorine (Goudreau et al. 1993), metals (Keller & Zam 1991, Jacobson et al. 1993, and ammonia (Horne & McIntosh 1979, Goudreau et al. 1993). Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher OPEN PEN ACCESS CCESSEndang Species ResThere has recently been much progress in the area of mussel ecotoxicology ). There has been particular focus on the development and use of glochidia and juvenile mussel-specific toxicity tests (ASTM 2007, Wang et al. 2007a).Although not yet available when the present evaluation was designed and proposed, these mussel-specific tests have shown under which circumstances traditional surrogates are less sensitive to certain toxic exposures than some mussel life stages (Bringolf et al. 2007a,b,c, Newton & Bartsch 2007, Wang et al. 2007b,c, Gillis et al. 2008...

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A vacuum-operated pore-water extractor for estuarine and freshwater sediments

Cited by 54 publications

References 32 publications

Passive Treatment of Low-Ph, Ferric Iron-Dominated Acid Rock Drainage in a Vertical Flow Wetland Ii: Metal Removal

Passive Treatment of Low-Ph, Ferric Iron-Dominated Acid Rock Drainage in a Vertical Flow Wetland Ii: Metal Removal

Passive Treatment of Low-Ph, Ferric Iron-Dominated Acid Rock Drainage in a Vertical Flow Wetland I: Acidity Neutralization and Alkalinity Generation

Water and sediment quality survey of threatened and endangered freshwater mussel habitat in the Chipola River Basin, Florida

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