A verandah-trap hut for studying the house-frequenting habits of mosquitos and for assessing insecticides. I.—A description of the verandah-trap hut and of studies on the egress of <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Giles and <i>Mansonia uniformis</i> (Theo.) from an untreated Hut

Smith, A.

doi:10.1017/s0007485300057114

Cited by 50 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The study area has been described by Smith (1964a) and the verandah-trap hut by Smith (1965a). Six verandah-trap huts were used in the experiments: two with corrugated iron roofs (VI and V2), two with grass-thatched roofs (V6 and V4) and two with grass-thatched roofs lined with a layer of mud (V3 and V5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of smoke from mosquito coils on Anopheles gambiae Giles and Mansonia uniformis (Theo.) in verandah-trap huts at Magugu, Tanzania

Hudson

Esozed

1971

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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IntroductionSmoke from mosquito coils is widely used as a method of reducing the nuisance from mosquitoes, particularly in South-East Asia, Japan, parts of Africa and South America (Maclver, 1963). Laboratory tests showed coils containing pyrethrins to have several effects on mosquitoes. Maclver (1964a) using blood-fed Aedes aegypti (L.) caged about 8 cm from a coil in a closed room found that there was a decrease in the KD90 (time to knockdown of 90%) from 105 min with coils containing 0-1% pyrethrins to 20 min with coils containing 0-5% pyrethrins. Coils containing more than 0-5% pyrethrins did not have decreased KD90 values. Mortality after three hours' exposure plus 24-h holding period ranged from 88% with 0 1 % pyrethrins coils to 100% with 0-5% pyrethrins coils. "Blank coils" that were virtually free from pyrethrins caused no knockdown in three hours and no mortality in a further 24 h. Maclver (1964a), Paulini & Ricciardi (1954), Kogan (1961), Fales et al. (1968 and Mace (1969) all showed that in various types of cage or tube mosquitoes would congregate in the part furthest from sources of smoke from pyrethrins coils. This has usually been termed " repellency ". Winney (1969) showed that fewer Ae. aegypti would feed on a human arm in air containing smoke from pyrethrins coils than in clean air. Smith & Obudho (1967) tried mosquito coils containing 0-23-0-24% pyrethrins in a verandahtrap hut at Magugu. They noted an increase in the overall mortality of naturally entering Anopheles gambiae Giles from 8% before treatment to 19-27% during the period when coils were burned. The proportion of mosquitoes in the exit traps increased from 39% to 86-92% and the proportion of unfeds increased from 30% to 75-81%.This paper describes trials of mosquito coils made in six verandah-trap huts at Magugu between December 1967 and June 1968. The work had three objectives: first, to compare the different brands of coil which were available in Tanzania at the time, including some containing pyrethrins and others containing DDT; second, by comparing the numbers of mosquitoes entering treated and control huts to determine whether the coils deterred mosquitoes from entering; third, to see whether the relation between pyrethrins concentration and effectiveness found by Maclver (1964a) using caged mosquitoes would also apply to free flying mosquitoes in a ventilated room.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distribution of unfed, fed, and gravid A. gambiae in treated and control huts during trials of pyrethrins coils Pyl-9• In making the totals and percentages, the numbers in the verandah traps have been doubled, followingSmith (1965a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of smoke from mosquito coils on Anopheles gambiae Giles and Mansonia uniformis (Theo.) in verandah-trap huts at Magugu, Tanzania

Hudson

Esozed

1971

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…Experimental hut evaluation was carried out at Mabogini field station, Moshi, Northern Tanzania in three experimental huts constructed according to a design described by Smith (1965) and Smith and Webley (1969). Some slight modifications were made involving reduction of eave space, addition of cardboard and hessian cloth ceiling, concrete floor surrounded by a water filled moat, and improved screening of the veranda.…”

Section: Evaluation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental hut evaluation of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr on bed nets for the control of Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus

Mosha

Lyimo

Oxborough

et al. 2008

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjective To determine the efficacy of chlorfenapyr against Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus in East Africa and to identify effective dosages for net treatment in comparison with the commonly used pyrethroid deltamethrin.methods Chlorfenapyr was evaluated on bed nets in experimental huts against A. arabiensis and C. quinquefasciatus in Northern Tanzania, at application rates of 100-500 mg ⁄ m 2 .results In experimental huts, mortality rates in A. arabiensis were high (46.0-63.9%) for all dosages of chlorfenapyr and were similar to that of deltamethrin-treated nets. Mortality rates in C. quinquefasciatus were higher for chlorfenapyr than for deltamethrin. Despite a reputation for being slow acting, >90% of insecticide-induced mortality in laboratory tunnel tests and experimental huts occurred within 24 h, and the speed of killing was no slower than for deltamethrin-treated nets.conclusions Chlorfenapyr induced low irritability and knockdown, which explains the relatively small reduction in blood-feeding rate. Combining chlorfenapyr with a more excito-repellent pyrethroid on bed nets for improved personal protection, control of pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes and pyrethroid resistance management would be advantageous.

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“…Also, when huts are sprayed with certain insecticides a large proportion of the mosquitoes that would normally be caught in window traps may be stimulated to leave before sunrise, and many of these escape via the eaves. To sample such mosquitoes Smith (1965) developed a verandah trap. This is made by extending the thatch roof beyond the four walls of a square or rectangular hut to form a roof over a verandah, which is enclosed on two sides by mesh screening.…”

Section: Verandah Traps Of Smithmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling Adults by Animal Bait Catches and by Animal-Baited Traps

Service¹

1993

Mosquito Ecology

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A verandah-trap hut for studying the house-frequenting habits of mosquitos and for assessing insecticides. I.—A description of the verandah-trap hut and of studies on the egress of Anopheles gambiae Giles and Mansonia uniformis (Theo.) from an untreated Hut

Cited by 50 publications

References 2 publications

The effects of smoke from mosquito coils on Anopheles gambiae Giles and Mansonia uniformis (Theo.) in verandah-trap huts at Magugu, Tanzania

The effects of smoke from mosquito coils on Anopheles gambiae Giles and Mansonia uniformis (Theo.) in verandah-trap huts at Magugu, Tanzania

Experimental hut evaluation of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr on bed nets for the control of Anopheles arabiensis and Culex quinquefasciatus

Sampling Adults by Animal Bait Catches and by Animal-Baited Traps

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