A versatile fabrication method for cluster superlattices

N’Diaye, Alpha T.; Gerber, Timm; Busse, Carsten; Mysliveček, Josef; Coraux, Johann; Michely, Thomas

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/10/103045

Cited by 191 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…So far, regular arrays of NCs were successfully assembled using surfaces such as alumina double layers on Ni 3 Al [2,3], vicinal Au(111) surfaces [4,5], reconstructed surfaces [6,7] or h-BN nanomesh [8,9]. Recently, graphene Moiré on close-packed metal surfaces like Pt(111) [10], Rh(111) [11], Ru(0001) [12,13], and Ir(111) [14,15] has been suggested to be a good candidate for the templated growth of clusters arrays. Recent works demonstrate that superlattices of metallic clusters of Re, W, Pt, and Ir on such graphene…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and growth of nickel nanoclusters on graphene Moiré on Rh(111)

Sicot

Bouvron

Zander

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

130

132

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Regularly sized Ni nanoclusters (NCs) have been grown on a graphene Moiré on Rh(111). Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we determine that initial growth of Ni at 150 K leads to preferential nucleation of monodispersed NCs at specific sites of the Moiré superstructure. However, a defined long-range ordering of NCs with increasing coverage is not observed. Room temperature Ni deposition leads to the formation of flat triangular-shaped islands which are well-matched to the Moiré registry.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and growth of nickel nanoclusters on graphene Moiré on Rh(111)

Sicot

Bouvron

Zander

et al. 2010

Applied Physics Letters

130

132

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“…This is confirmed by the measured radial distribution, where the peak at about 25 Å (the distance between nearest-neighboring preferential adsorption sites) decreases for the lower coverage case and not for the high coverage one. Therefore, the observed cluster density decrease is due to wholecluster diffusion/coalescence processes, as observed in the case of Ir clusters on the GR/Ir(111) interface, 13 rather than to the energetically hindered atomic detachment from the clusters. As the cluster mobility is enhanced by further annealing, the superlattice periodicity gets lost: large clusters composed by a few hundred atoms appear in the high coverage case, and the average distance between clusters increases (see Figure 1f).…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 79%

Local Electronic Structure and Density of Edge and Facet Atoms at Rh Nanoclusters Self-Assembled on a Graphene Template

et al. 2012

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T he interest in developing novel materials using building blocks with sizes of about 1 nm has motivated the huge effort devoted to understand the properties of nanoclusters. Several studies have clearly demonstrated that atomic aggregates in the nanometer size range, that is, formed by dozens or hundreds of atoms, present remarkably different properties with respect to their bulk crystalline counterparts. Heterogeneous catalysis, energy conversion, and magnetic data storage are among the technologically most relevant fields where supported nanoclusters are expected to have a strong impact. 1,2 An important field for application of the new nanocluster-based materials is catalysis. The most striking example is the high chemical activity of small Au nanoclusters, 3À6 given by highly reactive corner and edge atoms with low coordination number C N , but even other transition metals like Pt present nanoclusters with a similar behavior. 7,8 One of the goals of nanotechnology is the manipulation of the magnetic properties in systems with reduced dimensionality, such as quantum wires, quantum dots, and nanoclusters. As an example, the use of nanoclusters for ultrahigh density magnetic recording requires pushing further away the superparamagnetic limit by enhancing the magnetic anisotropy energy. In this respect, experiments have shown that low C N atoms play a pivotal role. 9,10 When the particle's size is reduced to only 10À20 Å, two main challenges are posed: (i) the formation in a controllable and reproducible manner of large-scale replicas of these individual building blocks on a suitable substrate 11 and (ii) the determination and tuning of the geometric and electronic structure of the supported nanoobjects.One of the most recent solutions to meet the first challenge is to make use of template graphene (GR) for the growth of metallic nanoclusters and for the formation of long-range-ordered superstructures. This * Address correspondence to alessandro.baraldi@elettra.trieste.it.Received for review November 24, 2011 and accepted March 9, 2012. Published online 10.1021/nn300651s ABSTRACTThe chemical and physical properties of nanoclusters largely depend on their sizes and shapes. This is partly due to finite size effects influencing the local electronic structure of the nanocluster atoms which are located on the nanofacets and on their edges. Here we present a thorough study on graphene-supported Rh nanocluster assemblies and their geometrydependent electronic structure obtained by combining high-energy resolution core level photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory. We demonstrate the possibility to finely control the morphology and the degree of structural order of Rh clusters grown in register with the template surface of graphene/Ir(111). By comparing measured and calculated core electron binding energies, we identify edge, facet, and bulk atoms of the nanoclusters. We describe how small interatomic distance changes occur while varying the nanocluster size, substantia...

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“…However, PIM can be applied directly to elucidate and interpret behavior in a host of specific systems, some of which are indicated above. An expanded list of examples includes: (a) homogenous nucleation and growth of metal NCs during deposition on metal, semiconductor, oxide substrates [8,9], with particular utility for Volmer-Weber growth of 3D islands on weakly binding substrates; (b) nucleation inhibited by attachment barriers as observed in metal (111) homoepitaxial systems which exhibit enhanced long-range adatom interactions with a "repulsive ring" due to surface states [38,49]; inhibited attachment was also recently suggested for Fe deposition on graphene [50]; (c) nucleation and growth with strongly anisotropic diffusion as observed for homoepitaxy on dimer-row reconstructed Si(100) surfaces [51]; (d) significant effects on nucleation of small mobile clusters as anticipated for homoepitaxy on metal (100) and (111) surfaces [52]; (e) growth inhibition in strained-layer heteroepitaxy with large mismatch [53]; (f) codeposition to form bimetallic NCs, e.g., of Pt and Au on TiO 2(110) [43], and Pt and Ru on graphene [44]; (g) exchange-mediated nucleation in Fe on Cu(100) [41], and Ni on Ag(111) [42] systems; (h) nucleation of metal NCs on graphite is often facilitated by sputtering to create surface damage and heterogeneous nucleation centers, but even a small fraction of Cu ions from an e-beam evaporator can create sufficient damage that heterogeneous nucleation dominates for Cu deposition on HOPG [46]; (i) deposition of metals on metal-supported graphene, with periodically rumpled morié structure due to lattice mismatch, often results in directed-assembly of 3D NCs [54], and the PIM framework is ideally suited to modeling of this complex process [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Point island models for nucleation and growth of supported nanoclusters during surface deposition

Han

Gaudry

Evans

2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Point island models (PIMs) are presented for the formation of supported nanoclusters (or islands) during deposition on flat crystalline substrates at lower submonolayer coverages. These models treat islands as occupying a single adsorption site, although carrying a label to track their size (i.e., they suppress island structure). However, they are particularly effective in describing the island size and spatial distributions. In fact, these PIMs provide fundamental insight into the key features for homogeneous nucleation and growth processes on surfaces. PIMs are also versatile being readily adapted to treat both diffusion-limited and attachment-limited growth, and also a variety of other nucleation processes with modified mechanisms. Their behavior is readily and precisely assessed by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation.

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A versatile fabrication method for cluster superlattices

Cited by 191 publications

References 27 publications

Nucleation and growth of nickel nanoclusters on graphene Moiré on Rh(111)

Nucleation and growth of nickel nanoclusters on graphene Moiré on Rh(111)

Local Electronic Structure and Density of Edge and Facet Atoms at Rh Nanoclusters Self-Assembled on a Graphene Template

Point island models for nucleation and growth of supported nanoclusters during surface deposition

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